Dhillon, who has a season's best of 58.03m, could only come up with 53.51m in her sixth and final attempt to end her campaign on a disappointment. She had won a bronze in the last edition in Gold Coast in 2018.
Navjeet Dhillon, a Commonwealth Games bronze medallist from 2018, had tested positive for a metabolite of the anabolic steroid Dehydrochloromethyltestosterone (DHCMT).
Das is the first Indian track athlete to win a medal in the history of this competition.
India would be looking for at least half a dozen medals in the July 28 to August 8 Games.
The Athletics Federation of India (AFI) on Thursday named a 37-member Indian athletics team, to be led by Olympic champion javelin thrower Neeraj Chopra, for the upcoming Commonwealth Games.
Hima Das scripted history on Thursday by becoming the first Indian woman to win gold at the IAAF World Under-20 Athletics Championships. The 18-year-old, a pre-event favourite, won the women's 400 metres final on the third day of competition in Tempere, Finland, clocking 51.46 seconds.
India held on to sixth place in the medals tally
Long jumper Murali Sreeshankar, steeplechaser Avinash Sable, veteran discus thrower Seema Punia and javelin thrower Annu Rani are expected to win medals at the 2022 Commonwealth Games.
"#HimaDas speaking to media after her SF win at #iaaftampere2018 @iaaforg Not so fluent in English but she gave her best there too. So proud of u #HimaDas Keep rocking & yeah,try ur best in final!" the AFI wrote on its Twitter handle.
A summary of sports events and persons who made news on Saturday
Discus throwers Seema Punia and Navjeet Kaur Dhillon opened India's medal hunt in athletics at the 21st Commonwealth Games, clinching a silver and bronze respectively on Thursday.
Four 20km race walkers -- two men and two women -- have already been named from the separate national championships held in New Delhi in February.
The Indian mixed 4x400m relay team on Wednesday won a bronze to clinch the country's fifth medal in the history of Under-20 World Athletics Championships in Nairobi.
Shot putter Inderjeet Singh and half-miler Jinson Johnson bagged a gold each as Indians won eight medals in the first leg of the Asian Athletics Grand Prix Series in Bangkok, on Monday.
Neeraj Chopra scripted history by smashing the junior world record in javelin throw en route to a gold medal with a stunning effort of 86.48m at the IAAF World Under-20 Championships in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Six athletes from the track and field, shooting and weightlifting disciplines were on Wednesday inducted into the Target Olympic Podium Scheme, with the Sports Ministry including discus thrower Seema Punia and leaving out seasoned shooter Gagan Narang.
Manika Batra cruised to the semi-finals of the women's singles even as experienced paddler Mouma Das ended her campaign in the Commonwealth Games table tennis event.
Track and field athletes led India's gold rush on the third day of competitions at the 13th South Asian Games as the country added a whopping 29 medals to jump to the top of the medals tally, in Kathmandu, on Wednesday.
Summary of sports events and persons who made news on Sunday
A summary of sports events and persons who made news on Friday.