Suryavanshi, who was called up to India's U-19 squad after a standout performance in this year's Indian Premier League (IPL), needed only 52 balls to get to three figures.
Mumbai's Ayush Mhatre has been appointed captain of the India U-19 team for next month's tour of England.
Opener Vaibhav Suryavanshi struck a quick hundred but India U19's middle and later order batters crumbled against Australian spinners Thomas Brown and Vishwa Ramkumar to throw away the advantage on the second day of the four-day first unofficial Test, in Chennai on Tuesday.
Nitya Pandya led India Under-19's charge with a fluent 94 as the hosts finished at 316/5 on the opening day of the second youth Test against Australia.
Nikhil Kumar showed excellent temperament on way to an unbeaten half-century under pressure and guided India U-19 to a nervy two-wicket win over Australia U-19 on the third day of the first unofficial Test in Chennai on Wednesday.