dlÒhpL$p„nu L$ë`kf ep¡S>_p_¡ NyS>fps kfL$pf_u d„S|>fu
qfrX$a k„hpv$v$psp
_d®v$p ep¡S>_p_u S>¡d NyS>fps_u dlÒhpL$p„nu A_¡ blzl¡syL$ L$ë`kf ep¡S>_p_¡ kpL$pf L$fhp_p¡ rhr^hs¹ r_Z®e NyS>fps kfL$pf¡ L$ep£ R>¡. L$ë`kf ep¡S>_p rhi¡ R>¡ëgp b¡ÓZ v$peL$p\u a¼s hpsp¡ \su lsu. NyS>fps_p A\®s„Ó A_¡ Æhpv$p¡fu_¡ rhL$kphu iL¡$ A¡hu Ap ep¡S>_p_¡ A„rsd ê$` Ap`hp_p¡ A¥rslprkL$ r_Z®e NyS>fps kfL$pf¡ L$ep£ R>¡. by^hpf¡ dm¡gu â^p_d„X$m_u b¡W$L$dp„ 54 lÅf L$fp¡X$ ê$r`ep_u Ap ep¡S>_p_¡ kpL$pf L$fhp_p¡ r_Z®e gC_¡ ep¡S>_p_p Apep¡S>_ dpV¡$ A¡L$ Al¡hpg s¥epf L$fhp_p¡ `Z r_Z®e g¡hpep¡ lsp¡.
NyS>fps kfL$pf¡ L$ë`kf ep¡S>_p A„N¡_p sdpd r_Z®ep¡ g¡hp_u kÑp fM¡hpm dy¿e â^p_ _f¡ÞÖ dp¡v$u_¡ Ap`u R>¡. Ap ep¡S>_p kpL$pf \i¡ Ðepf¡ NyS>fps_¡ _d®v$p ep¡S>_p S>¡V$gp S> âdpZdp„ `pZu_p¡ S>Õ\p¡ dmu iL$i¡. A¡V$gy„ S> _l], kp¥fpô²$\u v$rnZ NyS>fps A_¡ dy„bC sfa S>hp dpV¡$_y„ A„sf 225 qL$gp¡duV$f ky^u OV$u iL$i¡. Ap ep¡S>_p l¡W$m S>¡ S>du_ X|$bdp„ S>hp_u R>¡ s¡dp„ dp¡V$p cpN_u S>du_ kfL$pfu R>¡ A_¡ Mpfp¡`pV$ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ _d®v$p b„^ S>¡hp¡ L$p¡C rhhpv$ \hp_u i¼esp _l]hs¹ R>¡.
Ap ep¡S>_p\u AÐepf¡ S>¡ 7 _v$uAp¡ M„cps_p AMpsdp„ hl¡ R>¡ s¡ 7 _v$u_y„ `pZu D`ep¡Ndp„ gC iL$pi¡. _d®v$p, drl, kpbfdsu, hpÓL$$, d¡ðp¡, rhðprdÓu A_¡ Y$pYf _v$u_p `pZu_p D`ep¡N\u NyS>fps_p¡ `pZu_p¡ âï_ DL¡$gpC S>i¡ A¡hu Apip k¡hpe R>¡. Ap D`fp„s 1570 d¡Nphp¡V$ huS>mu kss A_¡ 5880 d¡Nphp¡V$ huS>mu kdep„sf¡ `¡v$p L$fu iL$pi¡. v$l¡S> A_¡ Op¡Op_u hÃQ¡ S>¡ ApX$p¡ b„^ b_i¡ A¡_p L$pfZ¡ dpN® hpl_ìehlpf_u kyrh^p `Z Ecu \i¡.
L$ë`kf ep¡S>_p kpL$pf \pe sp¡ NZsfu_p„ hjp£dp„ NyS>fps v¡$i_p V$p¡Q_p fpÄedp„ õ\p_ d¡mhu iL$i¡ A¡hy„ d_pe R>¡. Å¡L¡$ Ap ep¡S>_p dpV¡$ 54 lÅf L$fp¡X$ ê$r`ep_p¡ MQ® \i¡. AÐepf¡ `p„Q AgN AgN r_Ndp¡ b_phu Ap _pZp„ Ecp L$fhp_u rhQpfZp Qpgu flu R>¡. Ap ep¡S>_p_¡ ApX¡$ kp¥\u dp¡Vy„$ rhÂ_ L$v$pQ _pZp„ Ecp„ L$fhp_y„ R>¡. 3.5 L$fp¡X$ gp¡L$p¡_¡ `pZu Ap`u iL¡$ s¡hu L$ë`kf ep¡S>_p_¡ rhr^hs¹ d„S|>fu Ap`u kfL$pf¡ `l¡gy„ L$v$d `pf `pX$éy„ R>¡.
NyS>fps_u sfk : `pZukdõep rhi¡_p g¡Mp¡ A_¡ Al¡hpgp¡