The Flying Finn was clipped by Christian Klien's Red Bull and spun off the track
The 22-year-old McLaren driver needed to win or finish ahead of team mate Fernando Alonso and Kimi Raikkonen at the Chinese Grand Prix to win the world title but his race ended when he slid off the asphalt and into the gravel when approaching the pit lane.
Formula One World champion Sebastian Vettel ran away with the Belgian Grand Prix on Sunday to stretch his overall lead to 46 points with eight races remaining.
Hamilton, eight points behind Vettel after 10 races, qualified 14th.
Ferrari's Kimi Raikkonen kept himself in the Formula One title race on Sunday with his third Belgian Grand Prix win in a row.
Michael Schumacher was third with sole title rival Kimi Raikkonen fifth quickest.
The Renault driver said with a bit of passion and luck, and good performance from the car, he can win the US Grand Prix.
The Ferrari driver is one point ahead of Williams's Juan Pablo Montoya and two clear of McLaren's Kimi Raikkonen with two races remaining after Monza.\n\n
Ralf Schumacher eclipsed his older brother Michael in Friday's first qualifying at the German Grand Prix.\n\n
Ferrari's technical director said the Finn is an exceptional driver who doesn't appear to make many errors.
McLaren were back, ending their biggest slump of the last two decades to emerge as winners for the first time since March last year, and so too was real racing.
The Finn won the race for the second year in a row and kept Renault's Fernando Alonso waiting for the Formula One title.
Williams's Formula One championship challenge is on after they ousted McLaren as Ferrari's closest rivals.
The F1 world champion said he could not imagine driving for any other team than Ferrari and he would welcome the Finn as a team mate.
The 23-year-old Finn has 48 points compared to the 44 of Ferrari's second-placed Michael Schumacher.
TAG Heuer brand ambassador and 2003 Formula One World Championship runner-up Kimi Raikkonen was extensively involved in the design of the Formula One range.
A prototype 'halo' head protection device made its Formula One test debut in Spain on Thursday, with Kimi Raikkonen declaring visibility to be 'okay' after lapping with it attached to the cockpit of his Ferrari.
The Renault's driver kept his head up after McLaren rival Kimi Raikkonen bit a sizeable chunk out of his Formula One lead.
Raikkonen again suffered the heartbreak of retiring while leading.
The Colombian staunchly defended his attempt to steal pole position from team mate Kimi Raikkonen at the German Grand Prix despite ending up in the trackside gravel.
Ferrari's world champion Michael Schumacher, winner at Silverstone last year, qualified a disappointing ninth.
Race stewards, meeting in Paris, awarded the Jordan driver a first career win and demoted McLaren's Kimi Raikkonen to second place following a timing discrepancy.
Championship leader Kimi Raikkonen gave McLaren their third straight win on Sunday.
All that you wanted to know about the European Grand Prix.
Race leader Kimi Raikkonen crashed out with one lap remaining.
Renault's championship leader Fernando Alonso finished second ahead of Italian Jarno Trulli in a Toyota.
'The phenomenal Max Verstappen was both sloppy and superb in Germany, getting caught out during the first two starts, and even spinning his car around to give the crowd something to gasp at with a Batmobile-esque 360 degree turn. 'After Hamilton crashed and Verstappen sniffed victory, though, he pounced hard, put his foot down, and took a deserved race win,' says Rediff's F1 columnist Raja Sen.
"To say it was a difficult weekend for the team would be somewhat of an understatement," McLaren boss Ron Dennis said.
McLaren's Kimi Raikkonen lapped fastest on Saturday in a wet final practice session for Sunday's season-opening Australian Grand Prix.
Test driver Pedro de la Rosa put McLaren out in front on Friday after the first practice sessions for Sunday's season-opening Australian Grand Prix.