"At this stage of my career... I don't think it's the right time for me yet," the batsman told reporters.
The England captain anticipates a sterner challenge from the experienced India team in the Test series next month.
England, set 110 to win, reached 111 for three with captain Michael Vaughan (48 not out) steering England home in his first Test series in 18 months after injury.
The England batsman said he would like to succeed Michael Vaughan as one-day captain.
Michael Vaughan has quit as England one-day captain but will continue to be available for selection, the England and Wales Cricket Board said on Monday.
Play will begin three hours late because overnight rain delayed the start after the first day was washed out.
The England left-arm spinner exploited a wearing Old Trafford pitch to claim his first 10-wicket haul in a Test match.
West Indies fought back after lunch with four wickets to reduce England to 167 for five at tea on the first day.
England captain Michael Vaughan was delighted to mark his first Test match in 18 months with a century and a thumping innings and 283-run win over West Indies at Headingley on Monday.
Replying to England's 570-7, the West Indies capitulated to 146 all out and were 22 for two at the close on Day 2 after following on.
Captain Michael Vaughan scored a fluent 103 on his return to Test action after 18 months on the sidelines on the opening day of the second Test against West Indies at Headingley on Friday.
Ashes-winning captain Michael Vaughan will be badly missed in the first Test in Pakistan, where England have won just two out of 21 Tests.
The England selectors have appointed Trescothick as captain for the first Test in Vaughan's absence.
Mathew Hayden also overtook Sachin Tendulkar as the year's leading run scorer with 1,481 to his name.
Michael Vaughan attacked South Africa captain Graeme Smith for being childish, dictatorial and something of a schoolboy bully.
The England batsman won the Emerging Player and the ODI Player of the Year at the ICC awards.
The left-hander was named as caretaker captain for the first Test against Pakistan while Andrew Flintoff recovers from a heel injury.
England's captain will be referred to a specialist on Thursday for further assessment of his injured right knee.
Vaughan had surgery on his knee last December and made his comeback for county side Yorkshire at the end of May.
England named an unchanged 12-man squad for the second Ashes Test starting at Edgbaston, Birmingham on August 4.
Michael Vaughan's planned comeback to the England one-day team may be put on hold after he aggravated his injured hamstring training on Sunday.
England face severely depleted Zimbabwe, while New Zealand take on the United States in the ICC Champions Trophy on Friday.
He claimed England did not have what it takes to successfully defend the coveted Ashes urn.
England scored 242 for eight from 50 overs in the first match of the one-day tri-series against Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on Friday.
The top-order batsman, out of international cricket for a year with a knee injury, takes over from Andrew Flintoff for the Twenty20 game against Australia.
England's captain said Saturday's final will be about who handles the pressure better on the day.
Dale Steyn said he has made the decision in order to prolong his international career.
Flintoff led the team during England's failed Ashes campaign while Vaughan was recovering from knee surgery.
"It's nonsense. I hope to play for a long time yet," the England skipper said.
Ashley Giles has yet to recover from a hip injury.
Michael Vaughan will return to competitive cricket on Wednesday when he plays for an England Academy XI.
England captain Michael Vaughan is confident of making a comeback from the knee injury which forced him out of the Test series.
Injury-hit England have called up Middlesex batsman Owais Shah as cover for their test series in India starting on Wednesday, a team official said.
Trescothick has flown back home while Vaughan is nursing a sore knee.