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X$p¡. fpÆh rhS>eL$f

qlÞv$u qaëdp¡_p ÅZusp-dp_usp NusL$pf Ap_„v$ bnu s¡d_u R>¡ëgu qaëd qL$s_¡ v|$f qL$s_¡ `pk rfrgT \C s¡_p buÅ qv$hk¡ rQfr_Öpdp„ `p¡Y$u Nep. ÅZ¡ qaëd_y„ _pd s¡d_p dpV¡$ kp\®L$ \sy„ lp¡e. vy$r_ep\u v|$f \C Nep„ lp¡hp R>sp„ s¡d_p„ Nusp¡\u s¡Ap¡ Ap`Zu Apk`pk S> fl¡i¡.

L$pfZ L¡$ rlÞv$u qaëdp¡_p„ qv$g, àepf, ^X$L$_, dp¡låbs S>¡hp QugpQpgy iåv$p¡_u cfdpfhpmp„ Nusp¡dp„ Ap_„v$ bnu_p„ Nusp¡ l„d¡ip„ Sy>v$p„ sfu Apìep„ R>¡.

Ap_„v$ bnu_p„ Nusp¡_p¡ Åvy$ L¡$hp¡ R>¡ s¡ Å¡hy„ lp¡e sp¡ L$ëepZÆ-ApZ„v$Æ, Apf. X$u. bd®_, rhSy> ipl, fpS>¡i fp¡i_, S>su_-grgs S>¡hp k„NusL$pfp¡_p¡ v$pMgp¡ _S>f kpd¡ R>¡.

Ap b^p k„NusL$pfp¡ D`fp„s Ards Ly$dpf, iåbuf Ly$dpf, d_lf, dp¡lçdv$ ATuT, `„L$S> D^pk, i¥g¡ÞÖ tkl, A_yfp^p `p¥X$hpg S>¡hp„ NpeL$p¡ A_¡ k„Æh Ly$dpf, iiu L$`|f, rS>s¡ÞÖ A_¡ d_ujp L$p¡Cfpgp S>¡hp buÅ„ L¡$V$gpe õV$pk®_¡ Ap_„v$ bnu_p„ Nusp¡ aþep„ R>¡.

Ap_„v$ bnu_p„ epv$Npf Nusp¡
Nusp¡	qaëd
`fv¡$iuep¢ k¡ _p A„rMep rdgp_p	S>b S>b awg rMg¡
kph_ L$p drl_p	rdg_
tbqv$ep QdL¡$Nu	v$p¡ fpõs¡
rTgrdg rkspfp¢ L$p	Æh_d©Ðey
AÃR>p sp¡ ld Qgs¡ l¥	Ap_ rdgp¡ kS>_p
dpf qv$ep Åe	d¡fp Np„h d¡fp v¡$i
kÃQpC R|>` _l] kL$su	vy$íd_
rQ_Npfu L$p¡C cX$L¡$	Adf â¡d
v$d dpfp¡ v$d	lf¡ fpdp lf¡ q¾$ó_p
ld syd A¡L$ L$df¡ d¢ b„v$ lp¡	bp¡bu
dl¡b|bp Ap¡ dl¡b|bp	ip¡g¡
`v$p® l¥ `v$p®	Adf AL$bf A¡Þ\_u
X$aguhpg¡	kfNd
Ap¡d ip„rs Ap¡d	L$T®
s¡f¡ d¡f¡ buQ d¢	A¡L$ v|$S>¡ L¡$ rge¡
s| d¡fp Å_| l¥	lufp¡
rQÌ$u Apeu l¥	_pd
h_ Vy$ L$p ap¡f	fpd gM_
rsfR>u V$p¡`uhpg¡	rÓv¡$h
Sy>çdp Qyçdp	ld
Qp¡gu L¡$ `uR>¡	Mg_peL$
s| QuS> bX$u l¥	dp¡lfp
syT¡ v¡$Mp sp¡	qv$ghpg¡ vy$ëlr_ep„ g¡ Åe¢N¡
`l¡gu `l¡gu bpf	qv$g sp¡ `pNg l¥
ApB gh dpe B[ÞX$ep	`fv¡$i

qaëdDÛp¡Ndp„ NusL$pfp¡_p¡ sp¡V$p¡ _\u `Z qkÃeyA¡i_ A_¡ `pÓ_¡ A_yê$` Nus Ap`hpdp„ Ap_„v$ bnu_u sp¡g¡ Lp¡C _ Aphu iL¡$.

s¡dZ¡ Nusdp„ S>¡ iåv$p¡ hp`ep® lp¡e, S>¡ rhQpf ìe¼s L$ep£ lp¡e s¡_¡ õ\p_¡ buÅ¡ iåv$ L¡$ buÅ¡ rhQpf d|L$hp_y„ sd¡ ^pfu S> _ iL$p¡.

dp¡V$p cpN_p dlp_ L$rhAp¡-NusL$pfp¡ dp¡V¡$ cp¡N¡ qagk|au, fp¡dpÞk, v¡$iâ¡d, NTgp¡ L¡$ lgL$pawgL$p„ Nusp¡ gMhpdp„ dpl¡f lp¡e R>¡ `Z Ap_„v$ bnu_u hps S> Syv$u lsu. rhje_p L$p¡C kudpX$pdp„ s¡Ap¡ b„^pC fl¡sp _lp¡sp. qaëdp¡dp„ Nusp¡ gMsp¡ NusL$pf Ap¡gfpDÞX$f lp¡hp¡ Å¡CA¡ A_¡ Ap_„v$ bnu s¡_y„ DÑd Dv$plfZ lsp.

d¦_¡ dp L$p¡ v¡$Mp l¥, dp L$p àepf _l] v¡$Mp (dõsp_p) A_¡ Qp¡gu L¡$ `uR>¡ ¼ep l¥ (Mg_peL$) Aphp„ b„_¡ kpdkpdp R>¡X$p_p„ Nusp¡ Ap_„v$ bnu S> gMu iL¡$. sp¡ A¡ S> Ap_„v$ bnu fpd gM_ qaëddp„ h_ Vy$ L$p ap¡f, ap¡f Vy$ L$p h_ S>¡hy„ dõsucey¯ Nus gM¡ sp¡ _pd qaëddp„ QuÌ$u Apeu l¥ S>¡hy„ õhS>__p rhfl_u gpNZu_¡ hpQp Ap`sy„ Nus `Z gM¡.

"5000\u `Z h^y Nusp¡ gMu Q|L¡$gp Ap_„v$ bnu lÆ AÐepf ky^u v$f¡L$ Nus dpV¡$ kps\u v$k A„sfp gMsp A_¡ Ad_¡ (k„NusL$pf A_¡ qv$Áv$i®L$_¡) L$l¡sp L¡$ sd_¡ S>¡ b¡ L¡$ ÓZ A„sfp Nd¡ s¡ `k„v$ L$fu g¡Å¡.' ld qv$g v¡$ Q|L¡$ k_d qaëd_p k„NusL$pf BõdpBg v$fbpf L$l¡ R>¡. BõdpBg¡ v$uhp_Nu qaëddp„ Ap_„v$ bnu kp\¡ L$pd L$ey¯ lsy„.

Ap_„v$ bnu_u ârscp rhi¡ ÅZusp L$rh A_¡ rlÞv$u cpjp_p kprlÐeL$pf `Úîu _ufS> L$l¡ R>¡, "Å¡ rkÃeyA¡i_ L$u `L$X$ bnu L$p¡ l¥, qL$kuL$p¡ _l]. s¡dZ¡ kprbs L$fu v$u^y„ L¡$ qaëdu Nusp¡ gMhp„ A¡ kprl[ÐeL$ A_¡ kS>®_pÐdL$ k„sp¡j d¡mhhp Mpsf gMpe¡gu L$rhsp L$fsp„ blz KQu L$mp R>¡.'

Ap_„v$ bnudp„ Nusp¡_u rkÃeyA¡i__¡ kdS>hp_u, s¡_¡ ìep`L$ A\®dp„ kdÅhu iL$hp_u, ìe¼s L$fhp_u NS>b_u spL$ps lsu.

s¡d_¡ ¼epf¡L$ OX$uL$dp„ Nus k|Tu Åe sp¡ ¼epf¡L$ AW$hprX$ep„Ap¡ ky^u Nus dpV¡$ qfkQ® `Z L$f¡. `Z bnu l„d¡ip„ L$l¡sp, "Nus dpV¡$ h^y rhQpf L$fhp\u L¡$ h^y kde apmhhp\u Nus h^y kpfy„ b_¡ A¡hy„ S>ê$fu _\u.'

d¦ sygku s¡f¡ Ap„N_ L$u qaëd_p qX$f¡¼V$f fpS> Mp¡kgp L$l¡ R>¡, "Ad¡ qaëd_y„ _pd _½$u L$fu _p¿ey„ lsy„ A_¡ gÿduA¡ (gÿduL$p„s¡) kfk ^|_ `Z b_phu _pMu lsu `Z Nus_u buÆ gpB_ k|Tsu _lp¡su. Ad¡ bnu_¡ L$üy„. s¡dZ¡ sfs S> L$üy„ L¡$ Ap sp¡ blz kl¡gy„ R>¡. L$p¡C _l] d¦ s¡f¡ kpS>_ L$u A¡ gpB_ bfpbf b¡ki¡. A_¡ Mf¡Mf Nusdp„_u A¡ buÆ gpB_dp„ S> dpfu qaëd_y„ ApMy„ \ud Aphu Ney„.'

A_¡ A¡ S> Nus\u gsp d„N¡iL$f_¡ cpf¡ kamsp dmu.

Ap_„v$ bnu_u A¡L$ rhrióV$sp A¡ lsu L¡$ s¡Ap¡ Nl_-N„cuf qagk|au_¡ `Z ku^ukpv$u cpjpdp„ fS|> L$fu iL$sp. A_yfp¡^ raëd_y„ syd b¡klpfp lp¡ sp¡ qL$kuL$p klpfp b_p¡, sydL$p¡ A`_¡ Ap` lu klpfp rdg Åe¡Np L¡$ `R>u Adf â¡d_y„ Ly$R> sp¡ gp¡N L$l¢N¡ gp¡Np¢ L$p L$pd l¥ L$l¡_p S>¡hy„ Nus lp¡e, Æh__u qagk|au Apd kpv$u cpjpdp„ S> bnu kdÅhu v¡$sp.

`Z s¡dZ¡ L$v$u `p¡s¡ dlp_ ipef lp¡hp_p¡ v$php¡ _lp¡sp¡ L$ep£. EgV$p_y„ s¡dZ¡ A¡L$ hpf d_¡ L$l¡gy„ s¡d, "NusL$pf `Z A„v$f\u ipef sp¡ lp¡hp¡ S> Å¡CA¡.'

bnuA¡ qaëdp¡dp„ NusL$pf sfuL¡$ L$pWy„$ L$pY$éy„ `Z Mf¡Mf s¡d_u BÃR>p NpeL$ b_hp_u lsu. A_¡ A¡ k`_p kp\¡ s¡Ap¡ dy„bC Apìep lsp. s¡Z¡ dp¡d L$u NyqX$ep A_¡ Qfk S>¡hu `p„Q-R> qaëdp¡dp„ Npey„ `Z lsy„.

s¡ `l¡gp„ s¡Ap¡ gíL$fdp„ Ar^L$pfu flu Q|¼ep lsp A_¡ b¡ÞL$dp„ `Z L$pd L$ey¯ lsy„. `Z d|m¡ L$rhÆh A¡V$g¡ A¡ b^y„ R>p¡X$u_¡ qaëdp¡dp„ L$pd iê$ L$ey¯. 1956dp„ cNhp_v$pv$p_u qaëd cgp Apv$du\u s¡dZ¡ L$pfrL$v$} iê$ L$fu A_¡ OZp k„Oj® `R>u s¡d_¡ 1962dp„ dl¢v$u gNu d¡f¡ lp\ (k„NusL$pf L$ëepZÆ-ApZ„v$Æ)qaëd\u kamsp dmu.

"L$pNT L¡$ awg qaëddp„ A¡k. X$u. bd®_ dpfu `pk¡ Nus gMphhp dpNsp lsp `Z Nyfy v$Ñ_¡ L$p¡C V$p¡Q_p NusL$pf Å¡Csp lsp. Å¡L¡$ qaëd ãgp¡` NC. L$v$pQ A¡V$gp dpV¡$ L¡$ dpf¡ A_¡ bd®_v$pv$pA¡ Apfp^_p qaëddp„ S> kp\¡ Aphhp_y„ lsy„. v$k hj® `R>u Ad¡ Apfp^_pdp„ kp\¡ L$pd L$ey¯. Mf¡Mf _kub ApNm L$p¡C_y„ Qpgsy„ _\u.' Ap_„v$ bnuA¡ A¡L$ hpf L$üy„ lsy„.

1962dp„ bnu_¡ kamsp dmu s¡ `R>u s¡dZ¡ L$v$u `pRy>„ hmu_¡ Å¡ey„ _l]. gÿduL$p„s-àepf¡gpg kp\¡ s¡Z¡ gNcN 250\u `Z h^y qaëdp¡dp„ L$pd L$ey¯ A_¡ s¡d_u NusL$pf-k„NusL$pf_u Å¡X$uA¡ rlV$ Nusp¡_u `f„`fp kÆ®. rdõV$f A¡¼k B_ bp¡çb¡, rdg_, Æ_¡ L$u fpl, Apep kph_ T|dL¡$, aT®, v$p¡ fpõs¡, d¡fp Np„h d¡fp v¡$i, vy$íd_, bp¡bu, ^fdhuf, Adf AL$bf AÞ\p¡_u, kÐed¹ rihd¹ ky„v$fd¹, kfNd, L$T®, A¡L$ v|$S>¡ L¡$ qge¡, lufp¡, fpd gM_ A_¡ Mg_peL$ A_¡ buÆ L¡$V$gue qaëdp¡dp„ s¡dZ¡ AÐe„s gp¡L$râe Nusp¡ Apàep„.

gÿdu-àepf¡ rkhpe bnuA¡ L$ëepZÆ-ApZ„v$Æ (rldpge L$u Np¡v$ d¢, S>b S>b awg Mug¡), rhSy> ipl (rÓv¡$h, dp¡lfp, Nyàs), fp¡i_ (v¡$hf), A¡k. X$u. bd®_ (Apfp^_p, â¡d_Nf, _ep Tdp_p), fpS>¡i fp¡i_ (Sy>gu, rd. _V$hfgpg), Apf. X$u. bd®_ ( ^ V²¡$_, L$V$u `s„N, lf¡ fpd lf¡ L©$óZ, S>hp_u v$uhp_u, Ap` L$u L$kd, ip¡g¡, gh õV$p¡fu, b¡spb), rih-lfu (Qp„v$_u, gçl¢), S>su_-grgs (X$uX$uA¡gS>¡, dp¡låbs¢) _v$ud-îhZ (`fv¡$k), A¡. Apf. fl¡dp_ (spg) A_¡ DÑd tkl (qv$g sp¡ `pNg l¥) S>¡hp k„NusL$pfp¡ kp\¡ `Z rlV$ Nusp¡ Apàep„.

Ap_„v$ bnu NusL$pf qv$_p_p\ d^p¡L$_¡ `p¡sp_p Apv$i® dp_sp. s¡Ap¡ kpv$u cpjpdp„ A_¡ S>dp_p_¡ A_yê$` gMhpdp„-fl¡hpdp„ dp_sp. A¡V$g¡ S> sp¡ 60 hj®_u Jdf¡ `Z s¡Ap¡ ld qaëddp„ Sy>çdp Qyçdp v¡$ v¡$ Nus gMu i¼ep. sp¡ 68 hj®_u D„df¡ s¡dZ¡ `fv¡$k qaëddp„ v$p¡ qv$g rdg fl¢ l¦ A_¡ 70 hj®_u D„df¡ spg qaëddp„ BíL$ rb_p ¼ep Æ_p epfp¡ S>¡hp„ fp¡d¡[ÞVL$$ Nusp¡ Apàep„.

s¡Ap¡ OZu hpf L$l¡sp, "sd¡ qaëd A_¡ s¡_u rkÃeyA¡i__p cp¡N¡ sdpfu V¡$g¡ÞV$_y„ âv$i®_ _ L$fu iL$p¡.' "A_¡ âp¡X$éykf s¡_¡ S>¡ Å¡Csy„ lp¡e s¡ sd¡ Ap`p¡ s¡_p `¥kp Q|L$h¡, sdpfu dfÆ dyS>b_p„ Nusp¡ dpV¡$ sdpfu dfÆ âdpZ¡ `¥kp _ Q|L$hu iL¡$.' A¡d `Z s¡Ap¡ L$l¡sp.

s¡dZ¡ v$v®$cep¯ Nusp¡ `Z OZp„ g¿ep„ lsp„. `Z ^ud¡ ^ud¡ Aphp„ Nusp¡_u gp¡L$râesp Ap¡kfsu Å¡C_¡ s¡d_¡ blz _hpC gpNsu. s¡dZ¡ A¡L$ hMs L$üy„ `Z lsy„ L¡$, "lh¡ gp¡L$p¡ bly Myi gpN¡ R>¡. '

dpÓ rkr_ef k„NusL$pfp¡ kp\¡ S> L$pd L$fhy„ A¡hp¡ ApN°l s¡dZ¡ ¼epf¡e _lp¡sp¡ fp¿ep¡. `p¡sp_p `p¥Óp¡_u Jdf_p k„NusL$pfp¡ kp\¡ `Z s¡Ap¡ A¡V$gp S> DÐkpl\u L$pd L$fsp.

L¡$V$gpe A¡hp¡X®$ d¡mhu Q|L¡$gp bnu õhcph¡ A„sdy®Mu lsp A_¡ A¡L$gp fl¡hp_y„ h^y `k„v$ L$fsp. `Z s¡d_u _S>f, s¡d_y„ rv$dpN S>dp_p_u bv$gpsu spkuf_¡ iåvê$` Ap`hpdp„ kss ìeõs fl¡sp„.

qaëdp¡_p ÅZusp NusL$pf Ap_„v$ bnu_y„ Ahkp_

Ap Al¡hpg Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?