hQ_, hpZu, iåv$dp„ ìe¼s _ \C iL¡$ s¡hu nZ_u A_yc||rs_¡ Ap`Z¡ "Ar_h®Q_ue' L$luA¡ R>uA¡. A¡ nZp¡ iåv$\u `f, iåv$psus lp¡e R>¡. nZ¡ nZ¡ S>¡ "_hsp'_¡ âpàs L$f¡ R>¡, âNV$ L$f¡ R>¡ s¡ fdZuesp_y„, kp¦v$e®_„y ê$` R>¡. kp¦v$e®, fdZuesp A¡ "_hsp' R>¡. A¡ A-`|h® lp¡C Apòe®_p¡ A_¡ Ap_„v$_p¡ A_ych L$fph¡ R>¡.

iåv$, cpjp Ap A`|h® Apòe®_p kp¦v$e®_¡, Ap_„v$_¡ Tughp kd\® _\u. L$pfZ L¡$ L$p¡C `Z iåv$ A¡ d_yóe_p c|sL$pm_p A_ych_y„ âsuL$ R>¡. s¡\u s¡ iåv$ c|sL$pm (past) R>¡. A¡dp„ A-`|h® Apòe®_p¡ k„ch _\u. S>¡ A`|h® _|s_ R>¡ s¡ "hQ_ue' (hQ_dp„, hpZudp„ âNV$ \pe s¡hy„) _\u. iåv$ sp¡ dpZk_p c|sL$pm_p A_ych_u õd©rs R>¡. iåv$ d©s `f„`fp_p¡ hplL$ dpÓ R>¡. V¡$¼_p¡gp¡Æ_p op_-rhop__p `f„`qfs hl_ dpV¡$ iåv$, cpjp S>ê$fu R>¡, D`ep¡Nu R>¡. Æh__p Apòe®de, `m`m_p _|s_, fdZue Ap_„v$_p A_ychdp„ `„f`qfs iåv$_¡ hmNu fl¡hp\u dpÓ Asus-ìesus c|sL$pm_u õd©rsdp„ dpZk N°õs fl¡. Apd R>sp„ rhrQÓ hps L¡$hu R>¡ L¡$ dpZk "h¡v$hpL$ed¹ âdpZd¹' L¡$ "bpbphp¼ed¹ âdpZd¹' A¡d Ap`Zp d_dp„ W$kph¡ R>¡. iåv$_¡ âdpZ dp_u iL$pe _l]. iåv$ A¡ dpÓ S>¡ d©s R>¡ s¡_u õd©rs R>¡. S>¡ Ap ldZp„_u nZ R>¡, real, s¡ iåv$\u `f R>¡.

iåv$_u L$mp_p kS>®L$p¡ `f„`qfs iåv$_¡ c|„ku _pM¡ R>¡, sp¡X$u _pM¡ R>¡. iåv$_¡ Qp¢V¡$gp `f„`qfs dp_rkL$ A\p£_¡ A¡ Mp¡sfu _pM¡ R>¡, DMpX$u _pM¡ R>¡. A¡ cpjpdp„ sp¡X$-cp„N (qX$õV²$¼i_) L$f¡ R>¡. Apd L$ep® hNf A¡ fdZue A-`|h®sp_¡ Tugu iL¡$ _l]. `f„`qfs iåv$-ge-Y$pmdp„ L$pìep¡_p¡ OpZ Dspf_pfp, fp¡S>¡fp¡S>, sp¡ lp¡e. S>¡hy„ A¡d_y„ Y$p„QpY$pm `f„`qfs Æh_ A¡hy„ S> A¡d_y„ L$h_. Ap f¡qY$epm kfmspdp„ L$iy„e A-`|h® _\u. A`|h®, A_lv$ sp¡ `f„`qfs iåv$_¡ sp¡X$uap¡X$u_¡ âNV$ \pe.

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?