L$p¥riL$ dl¡sp

Np¢X$g Np¡Ly$rmey„ Npd... lh¡ A¡hy„ _\u, `Z cNhstklÆ dlpfpS>¡ S>¡ Ap_, bp_, ip_ R>p¡X$u R>¡ A¡_p L¡$V$gpL$ Vy$L$X$p dp¡Sy>v$ R>¡. cNhstkl_p h„iÅ¡A¡ A¡d_p dl¡g_¡ l¡qfV¡$S> lp¡V¡$gdp„ a¡fhu _p¿ep A_¡ kpfu ÅmhZu L$fu A¡_y„ hmsf dþey„ R>¡.

Np¢X$g_p Ap¡rL®$X$ `¡g¡k_¡ 26dp¡ BÞV$f_¡i_g A¡hp¡X®$ ap¡f Vy$qfõV$, lp¡V¡$g A¡ÞX$ L¡$V$qf„N BÞX$õV²$u dþep¡ R>¡. Ap Þey rdg¡r_ed A¡hp¡X®$ Np¢X$g_p„ c|s`|h® dlpfpZu Ly$dyv$Ly$dpfu A_¡ Äep¡suÞÖtkl ÅX¡$ÅA¡ dpqX²$X$dp„ ep¡Åe¡gp kdpf„cdp„ õhuL$pep£ lsp¡. Ap D`fp„s A¡d_¡ 7du d¡A¡ buÅ¡ A¡hp¡X®$ dmhp_p¡ R>¡. õ`¡_ Mps¡ Aph¡gu rbT_¡k Br_rie¡V$ qX$f¡¼iÞk (buApBX$u) Üpfp hëX®$ ¼hp¡rgV$u L$rdV$d¡ÞV$ (X$bëey¼eyku) L$Þh¡Þi_ ep¡Åe R>¡ A_¡ A¡dp„ X$bëey¼eyku BÞV$f_¡i_g õV$pf A¡hp¡X®$ A`pe R>¡. 7 d¡A¡ `¡qfkdp„ Np¢X$g_p Ap¡rL®$X$ `¡g¡k_¡ Ap A¡hp¡X®$ `Z dmhp_p¡ R>¡.

NyS>fpsdp„ L$p¡C l¡qfV¡$S> lp¡V¡$g_¡ Aphp¡ A¡hp¡X®$ `l¡gu hpf dm¡ R>¡. buApBX$u Üpfp AÐepf ky^udp„ AÞe OZu v¡$ip¡_u lp¡V¡$g_¡ A¡hp¡X®$ dþep R>¡. cpfsdp„ L$v$pQ Ap A¡hp¡X®$ `l¡gu hpf Np¢X$g_¡ dm¡ R>¡. Apd¡e NyS>fpsdp„ l¡qfV¡$S> lp¡V¡$g sfuL¡$ L$p¡CA¡ dl¡g_u ÅmhZu ApV$gu kpfu fus¡ L$fu lp¡e sp¡ A¡ dpÓ Np¢X$g õV¡$V$ R>¡.

Np¢X$g_p ÅX¡$Å fpS>`|s d|m¡ evy$ h„i_p A¡V$g¡ L¡$ L©$óZ_p h„iÅ¡ R>¡. 19du kv$udp„ dlpfpÅ cNhstkl¡ fpS> k„cpþey„ A_¡ Np¢X$g fpÄe_p¡ S>¡ fus¡ rhL$pk L$ep£ A¡ A¡L$ rdkpg NZpe R>¡. AÐepf¡ dl¡g k„cpm_pfp cNhstklbp`y_p â`p¥Ó R>¡.

S>¡ Ap¡rL®$X$ `¡g¡k_¡ A¡hp¡X®$ dþep¡ R>¡ A¡dp„ 7 ê$dp¡ R>¡. A¡ d|m¡ sp¡ lS|>f `¡g¡k_p¡ S> A¡L$ cpN R>¡. Al] ê$dp¡_u kÅhV$ ApL$j®L$ Y$b¡ \C R>¡. ar_®Qf, `¡B[ÞV„$Ák, b°pk A¡[ÞV$¼k `Z b¡rdkpg R>¡. AÞe l¡qfV¡$S> lp¡V¡$gdp„ qfhf kpBX$ `¡g¡k R>¡, S>¡ 1875dp„ dlpfpÅ cNhstkl¡ A¡d_p `yÓ eyhfpS> cp¡S>fpS>Æ dpV¡$ b„^pìep¡. S>¡dp„ 11 X$bg b¡X$ê$çk R>¡.

_hgMp¡ `¡g¡k R>¡, S>¡_p TfyMpAp¡ rië`L$mp_p DÑd _d|_p R>¡. Al] v$fbpf lp¡g R>¡. A_¡ Ðep„_y„ gpL$X$p_y„ ar_®Qf s\p A¡[ÞV$L$ Afukp ApL$j®Zê$` R>¡.

Np¢X$g õV¡$V$ `pk¡_u rhÞV¡$S> L$pf `Z S>NÅZusu R>¡. A¡d_p fp¡eg N¡f¡S>dp„ rhÞV¡$S>-¼gprkL$ L$pfdp„ 1910_u qX$g¡N, 1920_u X¡$dgf, 1935_u drk®qX$T, `¡L$pX®$ Vy$, 1941 A_¡ 1947_u L¡$qX$g¡L$, 1955_u L¡$qX$g¡L$ rgdp¡rT_, 1950_u õ`p¡V¹®$k L$pf A_¡ 1960_u drk®qX$T-300 A¡kA¡g, S>NyApf A¡¼kL¡$ 150, k¡hfp¡g¡V$ L¡$dpfy_p¡ kdph¡i \pe R>¡. 1940 A_¡ 1950_p v$peL$p_u Ad¡qfL$u L$pf `Z R>¡. A_¡ Ap L$pfdp„ ApS>¡e Np¢X$g õV¡$V$ hMs_u _„bfàg¡V$ R>¡. Ap rhÞV¡$S> L$pf_¡ `Z A¡hp¡X®$ dmu Q|¼ep R>¡.

Np¢X$g õV¡$V$ `pk¡ 2 f¡g-kg|_ `Z R>¡. 1997\u Al] `Z âhpkuAp¡_¡ fl¡hp_p¡ glphp¡ dm¡ R>¡. kg|_dp„ X$pBt_Nê$d, b¡X$ê$d, bp\ê$d R>¡. l_ud|_ L$`g dpV¡$ Ap kg|_ ApL$j®Zê$` R>¡.

Ap dl¡gp¡dp„ "ld qv$g v¡$ Q|L¡$ k_d'_y„ i|qV„$N \e¡gy„. A¥ðep® fpe A¡ `l¡gp„ Al] A¡L$ Npfd¡ÞV$ L„$`_u_u Ål¡fps_p i|qV„$N dpV¡$ Aph¡gu. Al] _pdu gp¡L$p¡ flu Q|¼ep R>¡. OZu qaëdp¡_p„ i|qV„$N \ep„ R>¡. rhv¡$iuAp¡ Al] dp¡V$u k„¿ep Aph¡ R>¡. dpqX²$X$dp„ S>¡ A¡hp¡X®$ Ap¡rL®$X$ `¡g¡k_¡ dþep¡ A¡ k„õ\p_p ârsr_r^Ap¡ Ny`Qy` Al] flu Ne¡gp A_¡ Ap kfâpBT rhrTV$ `R>u A¡dZ¡ r_Z®e gu^p¡. a¡¼k Üpfp Np¢X$g_u lp¡V¡$g_¡ ÅZ L$fu.

kp¥fpô²$-L$ÃR>dp„ c|L„$`¡ OZu dl¡gpsp¡_¡ Ýhõs L$fu R>¡, `Z Np¢X$g¡ ÅmhZu L$fu, âp¡a¡i_rgTd A`_pìey„ A_¡ ApS>¡ A¡ L$pfZ¡ Ap„sffpô²$ue õsf¡ _pd_p dmu R>¡.

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?