L$p[Þs cË$

gNcN v$f¡L$ MpÛ `v$p\p£ kp\¡ NyS>fpsu L$l¡hsp¡ Å¡X$pe¡gu R>¡. A¡ L$l¡hsp¡dp„ A¡L$ DÑd Aplpf_u hp_Nu_p _pd_y„ Ahd|ëe_ \ey„ R>¡. Np„^uÆ_p r_kNp£`Qpf Apîddp„ DfyguL$p„Q__p fkp¡X$pdp„ v$f Nyfyhpf¡ `|Zp®Å MuQX$u f„^psu lsu. A¡L$ Apîdhpku, `p¥_pf Apîd\u DfyguL$p„Q_ Aphsp Ðepf¡ `|Zp®Å MuQX$u_u qgÄS>s Ap¥f h^u S>su. dp¡V$p S>åbf r`Ñm_p V$p¡`_u blpf cu_u dpV$u_p¡ õsf gNphpe. s¡_p D`f k|L$u dpV$u ccfphu_¡ s`¡gyy„ K^y„ L$fpe A_¡ sp`dp„ k|L$hpe Ap_¡ Ap¡mu`p¡ L$l¡ R>¡. dpfu bp 60 hj® `l¡gp„ R>pZp„_p ^udp sp`¡ (qf`uV$ d„v$ d„v$ ^u`p sp`¡) MuQX$u b_ph¡ sp¡ r`Ñm_u s`¡gu_p srme¡ Ap¡mu`p¡ L$ep® hNf MuQX$u L$f¡ S> _l]. ApS>L$pg L|$L$fdp„ cX$L$p sp`¡ MuQX$u f„^pe R>¡. Ap¡mu`p¡ iåv$ S> Agp¡` \C Nep¡ R>¡. õV$ug_p hpkZdp„ MuQX$u `pL¡$ S> _l]. (ku^u A[Á_ D`f) MuQX$u v$pTu Åe. NyS>fps A¡V$g¡ L¡$ L$ÃR>-kp¥fpô²$ rkhpe_p NyS>fps_p gp¡L$p¡_¡ MuQX$u fp„^sp„ L¡$ Mpsp„ AphX$sy„ _\u. MuQX$u fp„^sp„ A_¡ Mpsp„ kp¥\u h^y L$ÃR>u gp¡L$p¡_¡ AphX¡$ R>¡.

hX$p¡v$fp_u lp¡õV¡$gdp„ 1950dp„ Qfp¡sfu b°pûZp¡ Qfp¡sfu `V¡$g_¡ cph¡ s¡hu syh¡fv$pm A_¡ Qp¡Mp_u L$p¡fuL$V$ MuQX$u b_ph¡ A_¡ s¡dp„ h_õ`rs Ou Mhpsy„. lz„ A¡ MuQX$u_u kpd¡ Å¡sp¡ _l] L¡$ AX$sp¡ _l]. kpQu MuQX$u Mphu lp¡e sp¡ L$ÃR>dp„ S>hy„ A_¡ s¡ `R>u kp¥fpô²$_p¡ _„bf Aph¡. Np„^uÆ Apîddp„ MuQX$u_¡ ÞeyqV²$i_g h¡ëeyhpmu b_phhp dpV¡$ aZNph¡gp dN, aZNph¡gp dW$, aZNph¡gp ApMp QZp (sØ_ Ap¡R>p âdpZdp„) A_¡ aZNph¡gu dNamu kp\¡ Ap„bpdp¡f Qp¡Mp Dd¡fu_¡ s¡_¡ ^ud¡ sp`¡ r`Ñm_p s`¡gpdp„ f„^phsp. Ap MuQX$udp„ s¡ kde¡ Nuf_u Npep¡_p v|$^dp„\u b_ph¡gp v$l]_p hgp¡Zpdp„\u b_¡gy„ dpMZ _pMu_¡ Ad¡ v$f Nyfyhpf¡ Mpsp.

MuQX$u kp\¡ dpÓ A¡L V$u`„y s¡ghpmp„ bpa¡gp„ ipL$cpÆ A_¡ Npe_p v|$^hpmp v$l]_u R>pidp„\u (QZp_p ApV$p hNf_u) b_ph¡gu L$Y$u Mpsp. NyS>fpsuAp¡A¡ QpdX$u_p fp¡Np¡\u bQhy„ lp¡e L¡$ A¡qkqX$V$u\u bQhy„ lp¡e sp¡ L$Y$udp„ b¡k_-QZp_p ApV$p_¡ rsgp„S>qg Ap`hu Å¡CA¡. S|>_p S>dp_pdp„ bpS>fp_p¡ ApV$p¡ L$Y$udp„ _Mpsp¡. `Z dlpfpô²$ue_ b°pûZp¡_u dpaL$ L$Y$udp„ L$p¡C `Z ApV$p¡ _pMhp_u S>ê$f _\u. `Z dpfu fkp¡Cdp„ lz„ hQgp¡ fõsp¡ L$pY$u_¡ Qp¡Mp_p¡ \p¡X$p¡ ApV$p¡ Dd¡fphy„ Ry>„ A¡V$g¡ lz„ `p¥rô$L$ Aplpfrhfp¡^u \sp¡ _\u.

X$p¡. \p¡fk_ _pd_p r_kNp£`QpfL$_u r\efu R>¡ L¡$ âp¡V$u_ kp\¡ âp¡V$u_ cmhy„ _ Å¡CA¡ A¡V$g¡ v$lu„-R>pidp„ QZp_p¡ ApV$p¡ rhfyÙ Aplpf \pe R>¡. v|$^dp„ IX$p„ `Z rhfyÙ Aplpf \pe R>¡. s¡ QpdX$u_p fp¡Np¡ sp¡ Ecp L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡ Ly$`pÃe b_¡ R>¡.

DfyguL$p„Q_dp„ Np„^uÆA¡ A_¡ `R>u s¡d_p„ rióep L©$óZpspCA¡ MuQX$u_¡ ârsróW$s b_phu. _l]sf "MuQX$uMpD' A¡V$g¡ L$p¡C lgL$u `„[¼s_u ìe[¼s NZpsu. "MuQX$uMpsy„' A¡V$g¡ Nfub [õ\rs, hN¡f¡ iåv$p¡ h`fpsp. "MuQX$u Mv$bv$hu' A¡V$g¡ rdÅS> L$fhp¡. OZu hMs d„qv$fp¡dp„ ApX$pk„b„^p¡ \pe s¡ dpV¡$ "MuQX$u S>dhu' iåv$ h`fpsp¡. Np¡V$pmp¡ L$fhp dpV¡$ MuQX$u `L$phhu iåv$ h`fpsp¡. R>¡ëgp„ 8 hj®\u qv$ëlu_u kfL$pfp¡ dpV¡$ MuQX$u-kfL$pf iåv$ h`fpe R>¡. `f„sy MuQX$u A¡ dpfu ×rô$A¡ 21du kv$u_u kp¥\u h^y `p¥rô$L$ A_¡ `|Z® Aplpf_u hp_Nu b_hu Å¡CA¡. MuQX$udp„ k„`|Z® rhV$pqd_p¡ npfp¡, âp¡V$u_ A_¡ L$pbp£lpBX$²$¡$V$ R>¡.

Äep¡rsjdp„ dp__pfp dp_¡ R>¡ L¡$ MuQX$udp„ dN Aph¡ s¡ Ly„$c fpqi_p R>¡. Ly„$c fpqi_y„ ìe[¼sÐh q_fpmy„ R>¡. dN õhs„Ó fus¡ i[¼s gph_pfy„ r_v$p£j L$W$p¡m R>¡. "dN gph¡ `N'_u L$l¡hs S>|_u R>¡. dpÓ dN_„y `pZu ApMp¡ qv$hk `uAp¡ sp¡ s¡_p\u i[¼s V$L$u fl¡ R>¡. lz„ Ap¡õV²$¡rgep, g„X$_ L¡$ Þeyep¡L®$ ÅJ A_¡ sph Aph¡ sp¡ L$p¡C `Z v$hp g¡hp_¡ bv$g¡ dN_p `pZu D`f flu_¡ D`hpk L$fu gJ Ry>„. dN_p `pZu_u bp¡V$g cfu_¡ ApMp¡ qv$hk A¡ `pZu `u_¡ lz„ ÓZ qv$hk g„X$_dp„ aep£ Ry>„. hëX®$ L$` q¾$L¡$V$_y„ qf`p¡qV¯$N dN_p `pZu D`f L$ey¯ R>¡.

Al] MuQX$u_u hps Aph¡ sp¡ s¡ dN_u MuQX$u A_¡ s¡ `Z ApMp dN_u MuQX$u S> kdS>hu. s¡_¡ `|Zp®Å MuQX$u b_phhu lp¡e sp¡ aZNph¡gp dN, dW$ A_¡ QZp_u MuQX$u b_phhu. ^r_L$ lp¡e sp¡ `p„QR> L$pSy> _pMu iL$pe. MuQX$u_¡ V$p¡q_L$ awX$ sfuL¡$ Mphu lp¡e A_¡ hpey \hp v¡$hp¡ _ lp¡e sp¡ b¡ ifs R>¡. Ou L¡$ dpMZ hNf MuQX$u sp¡ _ S> Mphu. A_¡ syh¡f_u v$pm_u L$p¡fu MuQX$u _ Mphu. Y$ugu L¡$ Ap¡R>u Y$ugu MuQX$u S> Mphu, s¡ `Z L|$L$fdp„ fp^¡gu _l]. ku^p sp`¡- ^udp sp`¡ r`Ñm_u s`¡gudp„ S> fp„^hu.

dNdp„ rhV$pqd_ bu-Vy$, r_epku_, rhV$pqd_ bu-1 A_¡ rhV$pqd_-A¡ R>¡. s¡_¡ aZNphhp\u s¡_u ky`pÃesp A_¡ npfp¡dp„ A_¡ rhV$pqd_ ku_p¡ h^pfp¡ \pe R>¡. buÅ„ L$W$p¡m `Qsp„ 3\u 4 L$gpL$ gpN¡ R>¡. dN_¡ `Qsp„ dpÓ 2 L$gpL$ S> gpN¡ R>¡. R>¡ëgp„ 40 hj®\u d¢ Ap„bpdlp¡f Qp¡Mp_u S> MuQX$u Mp^u R>¡. dlpfpô²$dp„ S> s¡ dm¡ R>¡. d¡„Ngp¡f_p Qp¡Mp_u MuQX$u `Z õhpqv$ô$ b_¡ R>¡. b¢NL$p¡L$dp„ AdyL$ MuQqX$ep Qp¡Mp dm¡ R>¡ s¡_p S>¡V$gu õhpqv$ô$ MuQX$u lÆ ky^u d¢ QpMu _\u. S>¡_¡ Ou L¡$ dpMZ_p¡ X$f lp¡e s¡Ap¡ sg_„y s¡g MuQX$u kp\¡ Mphp_p¡ õhpv$ X¡$hg` L$f¡. _p_p cpC cË$_p kZp¡kfp_p Apîddp„ Ad¡ MuQX$u kp\¡ ^pZudp„ `ug¡gp sg_p s¡g_u MuQX$u Mp^u R>¡. gp¡L$NpeL$ d_p¡S> bpfp¡V$ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ `pqgspZpdp„ s¡dZ¡ V$pY$u MuQX$udp„ s¡g A_¡ E_u MuQX$udp„ Ou _pMu_¡ Mp^¡gu.

A„N°¡Å¡_u L$d_kubu R>¡ L¡$ rbQpfp¡Ap¡ `pk¡ dN_y„ õhs„Ó _pd _\u. s¡Ap¡ N°u_N°pd L$l¡ R>¡. cpfsdp„ S>¡V$gu cpjp s¡V$gp„ dN_p„ _pd R>¡. k„õL©$sdp„ dyv$¹N L$l¡ R>¡. rlÞv$u A_¡ dfpW$udp„ dyN, L$Þ_X$dp„ `ÃQ¡ l¡kê$, s¡gyNydp„ `ÃQp `¡kgy„, spqdgdp„ `ÃQp¡ `peê$, sygy cpjpdp„ `v¢$Nu, dgepgddp„ Q¡ê$`peL$, apfkudp„ by_ydpj A_¡ g¡qV$_ cpjpdp„ dy„Np¡ L$l¡ R>¡!

MuQX$udp„ lufp¡ L$p¡Z R>¡? Qp¡Mp L¡$ dN? lufp¡ dN R>¡, L$pfZ L¡$ dN_¡ aZNphp¡ A¡V$g¡ s¡dp„ rhV$pqd_ ku h^u Åe R>¡. DfyguL$p„Q_dp„ L$pL$X$u, NpS>f, A_¡ kgpX$`Ñu_u L$Qy„bfdp„ DNpX¡$gp dN `Z _Mpe R>¡. DNpX¡$gp dN_u L$Qy„bf Mp^p `R>u L¡$ MuQX$u Mp^p `R>u `¡ipb R|>V$\u Aph¡ R>¡. DNpX¡$gp dNdp„ KQp âdpZdp„ `p¡V¡$ried lp¡e R>¡. A¡`¡ÞX$ukpBqV$k_p„ vy$Mphpdp„ v$v$}_¡ i¡L¡$gp dN_y„ `pZu Ap`u iL$pe R>¡. Äepf¡ kpby _lp¡sp¡ Ðepf¡ dN_p ApV$p\u ÷uAp¡ hpm_¡ ^p¡su lsu. s¡_p\u Mp¡X$p¡ \sp¡ _\u.

S>Þdc|rd S|>\_p "ìep`pf' _pd_p A^® kpàsprlL$dp„ R> hj® D`s„Óu füp `R>u lz„ budpf `X$¡gp¡. kpÅ \hp r_ed âdpZ¡ DfyguL$p„Q_dp„ r_kNp£`Qpf Apîddp„ Nep¡. dy„bCdp„ L$p„qv$hgu _pd_p `fpdp„ fl¡sp¡ lsp¡. dy„bC_p 30 gpM gp¡L$p¡ v|$f_p„ `fp„Ap¡dp„\u v$rnZ dy„bC Aph¡ R>¡. khpf¡ 7 hpÁep\u dp„X$u_¡ 9 hpÁe¡ _uL$m¡ R>¡. b`p¡f¡ g„Q hMs¡ ìep`pf-S>Þdc|rd_p L¡$ÞV$u_dp„\u b°¡X$_p Vy$L$X$p, Np„qW$ep, hV$pZphpmy„ Dkm, `p„D hN¡f¡ hpku A_¡ sm¡gp Aplpf g¡_pfp `ÓL$pfp¡_¡ Å¡C_¡ d_¡ DfyguL$p„Q_dp„ rhQpf Aph¡gp¡ L¡$ dy„bC_u v$f¡L¡$v$f¡L$ Ap¡qak_u L¡$ÞV$u_dp„ aZNph¡gp„ L$W$p¡m, aZNph¡gu dNamu A_¡ Ap„bpdp¡f Qp¡Mp_u MuQX$u `L$phu_¡ MhX$phy„. `ÓL$pfÐh R>p¡X$u v$J. Ar_erds tS>v$Nu ^fph_pfp `ÓL$pfp¡_¡ s„vy$fõs fpMhp dpV¡$_y„ Ap Arcep_ dNS>dp„ lsy„, `Z `|Z® L$fu i¼ep¡ _\u. d¡L$X$p¡_pëX¹$T_u f¡õV$p¡fp„ S>¡hp `|Zp®Å MuQX$u A_¡ qf„NZpbV$pV$p_p ipL$_p õV$p¡g dy„bC L¡$ buÅ„ il¡fp¡_p gp¡L$g V²¡$__p dykpafp¡_u s„vy$fõsu Åmhu iL$i¡. lpehp¡e L$fsp„ Ap¡qak¡ S>_pfp A¡L$ V„$L$ NfdNfd MuQX$u Mpe sp¡ OZp fp¡Np¡\u bQu Åe. `¥kp `Z bQ¡.

_p_p bpmL$_¡ dpsp_y„ ^phZ R>p¡X$pìep `R>u `psmu MuQX$u (ku^p sp`¡ r`Ñm_p W$pddp„ `L$ph¡gu) MhX$phu iL$pe R>¡. \p¡Xy„$ _pd_y„ Ou L¡$ dpMZ _pMu_¡ dpsp s¡_p„ Ap„Nmp„\u MuQX$u_¡ Qp¡mu-Qp¡mu_¡, Qp¡mu-Qp¡mu_¡, Qp¡mu-Qp¡mu_¡ MhX$ph¡ sp¡ dpsp_p„ Ap„Nmp„_y„ Ad©s bpmL$_p `¡V$dp„ S>_pfu MuQX$u AX$^u `Q¡gu b_phu _pM¡ R>¡. MuQX$u_¡ Mfu Mphp_u fus R>¡ L¡$ sd¡ Ap„Nmp„\u Ouhpmu MuQX$u Qp¡mu-Qp¡mu_¡, Qp¡mu-Qp¡mu_¡ A_¡ Qp¡mu-Qp¡mu_¡ MpAp¡. âp¡V$u_ S>¡V$gy„ hgp¡hpe s¡V$gy„ ky`pÃe b_¡ R>¡. dN_p âp¡V$u__¡ Ap„Nmp„\u S>¡V$gy„ h^y Qp¡mp¡ s¡V$gu MuQX$u ky`pÃe b_¡ R>¡. kpW$ hfk `l¡gp„ b°pûZp¡ Qyfdp_p gpXy$ A_¡ AX$v$_u v$pm Mp^p `R>u rdô$pÞ_\u ^fpC fl¡ Ðepf¡ R>¡ëg¡ v$pmcps _l] `Z MuQX$u `ufkpsu lsu. R>¡L$ _¥fp¡bu Ne¡gp L$ÃR>uAp¡ L¡$ L$ÃR>u huip Ap¡ihpmp¡ MuQX$u_¡ c|ëep _\u. rdô$pÞ_ L$ey¯ lp¡e `Z kp\¡ MuQX$u sp¡ lp¡e S>. L$p¡C L$ÃR>u_¡ MuQX$u Qp¡mu_¡ Mpsp¡ Å¡ip¡ sp¡ dpfu hps kdÅi¡.

v|$^pmp„ Å_hfp¡_¡ dL$fk„¾$p„rsdp„ MuQX$p¡ MhX$phhpdp„ Aphsp¡ lsp¡. k„¾$p„rs_¡ qv$hk¡ NpdX$p„dp„ O¡f O¡f M¡X$|s_u `Ð_uAp¡ dN, dW$, OJ, Qp¡Mp, bpS>fp¡, L$m\u, AX$v$ hN¡f¡ sdpd A_pS>, L$W$p¡m A_¡ ^pÞep¡_¡ duWyy„$ _pMu_¡ bpau _pMsp A_¡ Of_u Npep¡_¡ MhX$phsp. ^r_L$ Of lp¡e sp¡ sg_y„ s¡g _Mpsy„. A¡ MuQX$p¡ Mp_pfu Npep¡_u Ap„Mp¡ Å¡C R>¡. rdô$pÞ_ dþey„ lp¡e s¡ fus¡ dp¡Y„$y cfucfu_¡ L$X$pCdp„\u MuQX$p¡ Mp_pfu Npep¡_y„ syô$uL$fZ d¢ _S>f¡ Å¡eyy„ R>¡. L$v$pQ A¡hu Npe_p„ Ou, v|$^ A_¡ Ap¡mu`p¡ L$f¡gu s`¡gu_u ^udp sp`_u MuQX$u Mp^u R>¡ A¡V$g¡ 70 hj®_u he¡ d_¡ lÆe dp¡rsep¡ _\u Apìep¡. v$p„s kpb|s R>¡. hpm lÆ 50 V$L$p L$pmp R>¡ A_¡ 12-13 L$gpL$ byqÙ_y„ A_¡ OZu hMs byrÙ_y„ A`dp_ L$f_pfy„ g¡M_L$pe® `Z L$fu iLy„$ Ry>„!

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?