L$urs® MÓu

hX$p¡v$fp_u A¡d. A¡k. eyr_hrk®V$u_p c|õsf rhcpN_p A¡L$ âp¡a¡kf kyLy$dpf d¡Y¡$ L$ÃR>_p c|rhõap¡V$ `R>u sfs S> A¡L$ AMbpfu epv$u ârkÙ L$fu R>¡ s¡ Mpk sp¡ NyS>fps kfL$pf¡ Ýep_dp„ g¡hp S>¡hu R>¡. s¡dZ¡ L$üy„ R>¡ L¡$ Ap eyr_hrk®V$u_p c|õsf rhcpN¡ 1972\u L$ÃR> A_¡ rldpge_u c|õsfue `qf[õ\rs_p¡ Aæepk L$fu_¡ L¡$V$gp„L$ spfZp¡ `¡i L$fsp¡ l¡hpg kfL$pf_¡ ky`fs L$ep£ lsp¡.

Nep hj£ A¡V$g¡ L¡$ 2000_p A¡râg drl_pdp„ kfL$pf_¡ Ap l¡hpg A`pep¡ lsp¡ A_¡ s¡dp„ L¡$V$gp„L$ k|Q_p¡ `Z L$fpep„ lsp„. hX$p¡v$fp eyr_hrk®V$u_p rhÛp\}Ap¡A¡ M|Z¡ M|Z¡ afu_¡ l¡hpg s¥epf L$ep£ lsp¡. A¡ S> fus¡ s¡ghpey `„Q_p r_h©Ñ qX$f¡¼V$f X$p¡. rhïhpk¡ L$ÃR>_p¡ M|Z¡M|Zp¡ M|„v$u_¡ S>¡ k„ip¡^_ L$ey¯ R>¡ A¡ `Z L$ë`_psus L$`fp L$pmdp„\u L$ÃR> `kpf \C fl¡g R>¡ Ðepf¡ s¡_¡ b¡Wy„$ L$fhp k„v$c£ NyS>fps A_¡ L¡$ÞÖ kfL$pf¡ Ýep_dp„ g¡hp S>¡hy„ R>¡.

rhNs¡ hps dp„X$uA¡ A¡ `l¡gp„ "L$ÃR>rdÓ'dp„ gNcN v$p¡Y$ v$peL$p\u Ap kflv$u rS>ëgp_u c|õsfue [õ\rs A_¡ c|L„$`_u ×rô$A¡ k„h¡v$_iug Q¡shZuAp¡ kss A`psu flu R>¡ s¡_p¡ Dëg¡M S>ê$fu R>¡.

A¡V$gy„ kpQy„ L¡$ ^fsuL„$`_u Qp¡½$k ApNplu i¼e _\u s¡d A¡_¡ fp¡L$u `Z iL$pe _l]. R>sp„ A¡ `Z A¡L$ lL$uL$s R>¡ L¡$ Å¡ Ap`Z¡ ÅN©s fluA¡ sp¡ L$d k¡ L$d Å_dpg_u lpr_ OV$pX$u sp¡ iL$pe S> R>¡. c|õsfue [õ\rs A_¡ c|sL$pm_p A_ych_p Ap^pf¡ L$ÃR> S>¡hp rhõspfp¡dp„ blzdpmu dL$p_p¡ _ lp¡s sp¡ ApS>¡ dp_hlpr_ ApV$gu dp¡V$u _ lp¡s!

L$ÃR>_p¡ c|L„$`_p¡ Brslpk ÅZusp¡ R>¡. R>¡ëgp„ 330 hj®dp„ 92 S>¡V$gp ^fsuL„$` _p¢^pep R>¡. Ap `¥L$u Arscep_L$ 1819 A_¡ 1956dp„ \ep lsp. cep_L$ L$lu iL$pe A¡hp AÞe kps ^fsuL„$` 1849\u 1940 v$frdep_ \e¡gp R>¡. A¡ rkhpe `Z kss L$ÃR>_u ^fsu ^Z^Zsu flu R>¡. Äepf¡ `Z _p_pdp¡V$p ^fsuL„$` kÅ®ep R>¡ Ðepf¡ "L$ÃR>rdÓ'dp„ A¡ rhi¡ l¡hpg_u kp\¡ AN°g¡Mp¡ A_¡ g¡M A`pep R>¡. A_¡ s¡dp„ c|L„$`dp„ _yL$kp_ _ \pe ANf sp¡ Ap¡Ry>„ _yL$kp_ \pe A¡ âL$pf_u qX$TpB_hpmp„ dL$p_p¡ bp„^hp_u rldpes r_óZpsp¡_¡ V$p„L$u_¡ L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡ A_¡ blzdpmu dL$p_p¡ kpd¡ sp¡ gpgbÑu S> ^fpC R>¡.

1996 A_¡ A¡ `R>u_p hj®_p ^fsuL„$`_¡ gNsp l¡hpgp¡_p„ iuj®L$ Ad¡ ârkÙ L$ep¯ R>¡. `Z A¡\ue ANpD 1988dp„ rS>ëgpd\L$ D`fp„s AÞe il¡fp¡dp„ Ap¡V$gp lV$ph Ty„b¡i_p _pd¡ â¿eps b_¡gu v$bpZ lV$ph âh©rÑA¡ cpf¡ QL$Qpf S>Nphu lsu. A¡ kde¡ cyS>_u â\d NN_Qy„bu Bdpfs b„^pC flu lsu. s¡_u kpd¡ Ap„Nmu Q]^pC lsu.

AÐepf¡ L$ÃR>_p L$g¡L$V$f sfuL¡$ S>¡dZ¡ lhpgp¡ k„cpþep¡ R>¡ A¡ Ar_g dyL$ud A¡ kde¡ AprkõV$ÞV$ L$g¡¼V$f lsp. r_óZpsp¡A¡ Arcâpe Apàep¡ lsp¡ L¡$ L$ÃR> A¡ cpfs_p¡ kp¥\u h^y c|L„$`_u i¼esphpmp¡ rhõspf lp¡hp\u Ðep„ blzdpmu dL$p_p¡ BÃR>_ue _\u. s¡ `R>u A¡ âL$fZ L$p¡V®$dp„ Ney„. L$p_|_u S>„N \ep¡ A_¡ Bdpfsp¡ b„^php dp„X$u.

Al] âï_ L$p_|_ L$fsp„ `Z dp_hue R>¡. Å¡ k¢L$X$p¡, lÅfp¡ dpZk_p Å_ S>sp lp¡e A_¡ L$p_|_ A¡_¡ AV$L$phu _ iL¡$ sp¡ A¡ L$pev$p_¡ ApN Qp„`u _hp¡ L$pev$p¡ OX$hp_u kfL$pf_u afS> R>¡. Alu„ dyv¹$p¡ gp¡L$p¡_p Å_ kp\¡ Q¡X$p„ L$fhp_p¡ R>¡. L$pev$p¡ lp¡e L¡$ _ lp¡e `Z b¡ NN_Qy„bu Bdpfsp¡ dpÓ v$k-huk awV$_p A„sf¡ bp„^hp_u d„S|>fu A`pC R>¡ A¡_p¡ L$p¡C L$pm¡ bQph \C iL¡$ s¡d _\u. rbëX$fp¡, ky^fpC kæep¡ A_¡ Ar^L$pfuAp¡_u c°ô$ V$p¡mL$uAp¡A¡ aph¡ s¡d, dL$p_p¡ bp„Ýep„ R>¡. L$l¡hp_p¡ kpf A¡V$gp¡ S> L¡$ 1988dp„ Q¡su S>hp_u sL$ lsu `Z s„Ó Q¡Ðey„ _l] A_¡ `R>u sp¡ L$p¡C `|R>_pf S> _ füy„.

1996_u 7du S>ygpCA¡ A¡d. A¡k. eyr_hrk®V$u_p c|õsfip÷u X$p¡. î]Npf`yf¡A¡ hX$p¡v$fpdp„ Mpk A¡L$ `ÓL$pf `qfjv$ ep¡Æ_¡ Q¡shZu Ap`u lsu L¡$ 1819 A_¡ 1956_p c|L„$`p¡_p Aæepk `f\u õ`ô$ S>Zpey„ R>¡ L¡$ c|L„$` kS>®_pfp„ âQ„X$ v$bpZp¡ lSy>e kq¾$e lp¡hp\u crhóedp„ Nd¡ Ðepf¡ dp¡V$p¡ ^fsuL„$` \hp_u i¼esp R>¡.

Ap ApNplu L$ep® `R>u X$p¡. î]Npf`yf¡ 22du Sy>gpCA¡ cyS> Apìep lsp A_¡ rS>ëgp L$g¡¼V$f_u lpS>fudp„ A¡L$ b¡W$L$ ep¡ÅC lsu S>¡_p¡ l¡hpg 23du_p A„L$dp„ `¡i \ep¡ lsp¡. A¡ kde¡ L$g¡¼V$f NyàspA¡ c|L„$`N°õs rhõspfp¡ dpV¡$ dpÞe qX$TpB_ S> dL$p_ dpV¡$ b„^_L$sp® b_¡ A¡ dpV¡$ L$pev$p_y„ ê$` Ap`hp_u kfL$pf_¡ v$fMpõs L$fhp_u Ål¡fps L$fu lsu. A¡ v$fMpõs `R>u \C L¡$ L¡$d ANf sp¡ kfL$pf_¡ dp¡L$gphpC R>¡ L¡$ L¡$d A¡ Mbf _\u. `Z kfL$pf¡ L$p¡C L$pev$p¡ OX$ép¡ _\u. buÅ A\®dp„ L$luA¡ sp¡ L$ÃR>dp„ c|L„$`_u i¼esp k„v$c£ S>¡ L$p¡C Q¡shZuAp¡ A`pC R>¡ s¡_u ^fpf AhNZ_p kfL$pf s¡d S> õ\pr_L$ s„Óp¡A¡ L$fu R>¡.

AhNZ_p_p¡ Ap Brslpk ^fsuL„$` \ep¡ Ðep„ ky^u Qpgy füp¡ R>¡. 26du ÅÞeyApfuA¡ ^fsuL„$` \ep¡ A¡_p\u A¡L$ drl_p `l¡gp„ A¡V$g¡ L¡$ 24du qX$k¡çbf¡ (Nep drl_¡) \ep¡ lsp¡. Ap ^fsuL„$`_u ^°yÅfu cyS>, A„Åf, MphX$p, bÞ_u A_¡ `ÃR>d krls_p rhõspfp¡A¡ A_ychu lsu. qf¼V$f õL¡$g `f 4.0_u suh°sp _p¢^pC lsu. A¡_y„ dÝetbvy$ Aëgplb„^ rhõspfdp„ lsy„. Ap A¡ S> rhõspf lsp¡ Äep„ 1819dp„ kdN° L$ÃR>dp„ ApS>_u S>¡d S> Aps„L$ dQph_pf dlp ce„L$f c|L„$` \ep¡ lsp¡.

Nep drl_¡ "L$ÃR>rdÓ'_p â\d `p_¡ _L$ip kp\¡ s¡_p kdpQpf ârkÙ \ep lsp. kv¹$cpÁe¡ A¡dp„ L$p¡C Å_lpr_ \C _lp¡su. `Z c|õsf$rhop__p ÅZL$pf A¡hp„ hsy®mp¡A¡ Ap OV$_p_¡ Aph_pfp qv$hkp¡_p A¢^pZ kdp_ hZ®hu lsu. A¡V$gy„ S> _l], c|L„$`_p dÝetbvy$ õ\m¡ (Aëgplb„^) c|õsfrhop_uAp¡_u Vy$L$X$u dp¡L$gu s¡_p¡ Aæepk-kh£ L$fhp_u dpN kyÙp„ L$fu lsu. Np„^u^pd_p `u. A¡_. _pef _pd_p c|L„$` AæepkyA¡ Ap`¡gy„ A¡ r_h¡v$_ Ad¡ Qpgy drl_p_u 8du spfuM¡ ârkÙ L$ey¯ A_¡ 18 qv$hk `R>u dlprh_piL$ b_ph bÞep¡.

L$ÃR>_¡ _d®v$p_p„ `|fsp„ `pZu_u apmhZu L$fhp_u kdõep lp¡e L¡$ b„^pfZue L$ÃR> rhL$pk bp¡X®$_p¡ âï_ lp¡e, `Z s¡_u S>¡d ^p¡fu^fpf AhNZ_p L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡ s¡d c|L„$` k„ip¡^_ n¡Ó¡e L$ÃR> âÐe¡ Ýep_ _\u A`pey„.

ApS>¡ ApV$gu dp¡V$u Å_lpr_ \C R>¡ A_¡ v¡$i-rhv¡$i_p c|õsf rhop_uAp¡ ^fsuL„$`_p L¡$ÞÖ kdp gp¡X$pC _ÆL$_p rhõspfdp„ EdV$u füp R>¡ s¡_¡ Å¡C_¡ L$ÃR>hpku_¡ A¡d gpN¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ap kflv$u dyëL$ A„N¡ k„ip¡^_ L$f_pf kp¥_¡ Å¡ \p¡X$p hl¡gp kfL$pf¡ c¡Np L$ep® lp¡s sp¡ kpfy„ lp¡s.

M¡f, lSy>e kfL$pf "`p`_y„ âperòs' L$fu iL¡$ R>¡. Nep drl_¡ S> b_pfk rlÞvy$ eyr_hrk®V$uA¡ L$ÃR>_p c|õsf A„N¡_p r_óZpsp¡_p¡ A¡L$ `qfk„hpv$ ep¡Äep¡ lsp¡ s¡dp„ L¡$V$gpL$ W$fph `kpf \ep lsp A_¡ k|Q_p¡A¡ \ep„ lsp„ s¡_p¡ kfL$pf lSy>e Adg L$fu iL¡$ s¡d R>¡. Ap `qfk„hpv$ k„v$c®_u QQp® lh¡ `R>u L$fuiy„.

c|L„$` rhi¡_p AÞe Al¡hpgp¡ A_¡ skhufp¡

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?