iugp cË$

BÞV$f_¡i_g BdfS>Þku krh®kuk_p L$p¡Ap¡qX®$_¡V$f d¡S>f dpBL$g Ap¡kuA¡_ Ag kpëhpX$p¡fdp„ lsp Ðep„ s¡dZ¡ L$ÃR>_p c|L„$`_p Mbf kp„cþep. Ag kpëhpX$p¡fdp„ `Z s¡Ap¡ c|L„$`_¡ L$pfZ¡ S>du_ ^ku `X$hp\u akpC Ne¡gp gp¡L$p¡_¡ DNpfhp_y„ S> L$pd L$fu füp lsp. "Ap blz dp¡V$p kdpQpf R>¡ A_¡ Ad¡qfL$p A_¡ eyfp¡`_p„ rdqX$epdp„ L$ÃR>_p S> kdpQpf R>¡.'

k¡ëh¡i_ Apd} rhð_u kp¥\u dp¡V$u Q¡qfV$u k„õ\p R>¡, S>¡_p A¡L$ AbS> kæep¡ R>¡. s¡_p 70 lÅf kæep¡ L$ÃR> `lp¢Qu Nep R>¡ A_¡ v$k gpM X$p¡gf_y„ fplsc„X$p¡m `Z kp\¡ g¡sp Apìep R>¡. 1865dp„ õ\p`pe¡gu k¡ëh¡i_ Apd} cpfsdp„ `Z 1885\u L$pe®fs R>¡. s¡_u dy„bC A_¡ Adv$phpv$dp„ lp¡[õ`V$gp¡ `Z R>¡. Ap¡kuA¡_ kp\¡ \e¡gu hpsQus_p L¡$V$gpL$ A„ip¡ :

c|L„$``uqX$sp¡ dpV¡$ sd¡ iy„ L$pd L$fu füp R>p¡?
Ad¡ buÅ S> qv$hk¡ L$ÃR>dp„ V$ud dp¡L$gu Ap`u lsu. Adpfu A¡k¡kd¡ÞV$ V$ud L$pd L$fu flu R>¡. dpfy„ L$pd R>¡ v$k gpM X$p¡gf_p c„X$p¡mdp„\u L$pd iê$ L$fhp_y„. Adpfu `pk¡ 250 V¡$ÞV¹$k lsp s¡ Ad¡ L$ÃR> dp¡L$gu v$u^p R>¡. vy$bC\u 1,000 V¡$ÞV¹$k dpV¡$ Ap¡X®$f Apàep¡ R>¡. i¼e A¡V$gu TX$`\u hõsyAp¡ dp¡L$gu füp R>uA¡.

ApS>¡ cyS>dp„ lz„ i¡_u S>ê$f R>¡ s¡ Å¡Ci. Ad¡ 4,000 õh¡V$f hl¢Ãep„ R>¡, S>¡ b„Ngp v¡$i_u Ap¡qakdp„\u Apìep„ R>¡. Ad¡ eyA¡kA¡ Vy$X¡$dp„ Ål¡fMbf Ap`u R>¡ A_¡ eyL¡$dp„ `Z dv$v$ dpNsu Ål¡fMbf Ap`u R>¡. Adpfy„ hXy$„ d\L$ g„X$_dp„ R>¡. \p¡X$u S> hpfdp„ Ad_¡ A¡L$ gpM X$p¡gf_y„ v$p_ dmu Ney„. Ad¡ L$ÃR>_p gp¡L$p¡ dpV¡$ v$p¡Y$ gpM V¡$ÞV¹$k b_phuiy„.

Adpfy„ vy$r_epdp„ kp¥\u dp¡Vy„$ Q¡qfV$u Ap¡N£_pBT¡i_ R>¡. 107 v¡$ip¡dp„ Adpfu Ap¡qak R>¡. cpfsdp„ R> Ap¡qak R>¡. d_¡ Ag kpëhpX$p¡fdp„ Mbf dþep L¡$ sfs S> g„X$_ `lp¢Qu Nep¡ lsp¡. L$`X$p„ bv$ëep„ A_¡ sfs S> L$ÃR> Aphhp _uL$mu Nep¡. Ad¡qfL$p\u Adpfp hX$p_p¡ ap¡_ Apìep¡ L¡$ s¡ gp¡L$p¡ iy„ L$f¡? s¡dZ¡ `l¡gp AW$hpqX$ep dpV¡$ v$k gpM X$p¡gf d„S|>f L$fu v$u^p.

cpfsdp„ sd_¡ Ap âL$pf_p„ fplsL$pep£_p¡ A_ych R>¡?
lp, Ad¡ Ap¡qfkpdp„ L$pd L$ey¯ R>¡. Ad¡ cpfsdp„ 20 lp¡[õ`V$g QgphuA¡ R>uA¡ A_¡ OZu b^u ipmpAp¡ `Z R>¡. Adpfu k„õ\p_¡ dmsp¡ ârskpv$ Å¡fv$pf R>¡.

sd_¡ sdpfp L$pddp„ sL$guap¡ _X$u flu R>¡ Mfu?
lz„ kfL$pf_u V$uL$p _l] L$fy„. Äepf¡ ApMy„ s„Ó s|V$u `X¡$ R>¡ Ðepf¡ k„L$g__p¡ Acph Ecp¡ \pe S> R>¡. vy$r_epcfdp„ A¡hy„ \pe R>¡. kfL$pf_u V$uL$p L$fhu kl¡gu lp¡e R>¡. lz„ sd_¡ L$lui L¡$ cpfsue v¥$r_L$p¡ kfL$pf_u V$uL$p L$fu füp„ R>¡, `Z Ap„sffpô²$ue rdqX$ep _l]. Ad¡ `qf[õ\rs_¡ Sy>v$u fus¡ Å¡hp V¡$hpe¡gp R>uA¡. Adpf¡ S>¡ L$fhy„ Å¡CA¡ s¡ Ad¡ L$fsp„ lp¡CA¡ R>uA¡.

Ap`Zpdp„_y„ L$p¡C Ap rh_pi_¡ `pdu iL$¡ s¡d _\u. Adpfu k„õ\p dpV¡$ `Z Ap ApS> ky^u_u kp¥\u rhipm A_¡ rhL$V$ vy$O®V$_p R>¡.

d¢ syL$}dp„, Ag kpëhpX$p¡f, bp¡[õ_ep, L$p¡kp¡hp¡ A_¡ OZu S>ÁepA¡ L$pd L$e¯y R>¡. `Z Ap sp¡ blz cep_L$ R>¡, blz S> dp¡Vy„$ k„L$V$ R>¡. v$k gpM gp¡L$p¡ b¡Of \C Nep R>¡ A_¡ A¡L$ gpM_p„ dp¡s. vy$r_ep_y„ L$p¡C s„Ó v$f¡L¡$v$f¡L$_¡ dv$v$ L$fu iL$¡ s¡d _\u. Ad¡ `p¡qTqV$h fluiy„ A_¡ \p¡X$p gp¡L$p¡_¡ Ap¡mMu L$pY$u_¡ s¡d_¡ dv$v$ L$fuiy„.

lz„ A¡ _\u ÅZsp¡ L¡$ Ap Adpfy„ kp¥\u dp¡Vy„$ fplsL$pe® li¡, `Z Ap kp¥\u dp¡V$y„ k„L$V$ R>¡ A¡ d_¡ Mbf R>¡. cpfsue gp¡L$p¡ S> Adpfp L$fsp„ h^y fplsL$pep£ L$fu iL$i¡. Adpfu Ap¡qak L$ÃR> dpV¡$ A`pe¡gp v$p_dp„\u Ap¡qak Qgphhp_p¡ L$p¡C MQ® bpv$ _l] L$f¡. v$f¡L¡$v$f¡L$ `¥kp¡ L$ÃR>dp„ S> h`fpi¡. eyfp¡` A_¡ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ Ap ^fsuL„$` A¡L$ dp¡V$p kdpQpf R>¡ A¡V$g¡ Ad_¡ Apip R>¡ L¡$ Ad¡ h^y v$p_ d¡mhu iL$uiy„ A_¡ h^y kpfy„ L$pd L$fu iL$uiy„.

sd¡ OZu vy$O®V$_p Å¡C R>¡. L$ÃR>_p¡ c|L„$` sd¡ L$C fus¡ Sy>Ap¡ R>p¡?
L$p¡kp¡hp¡dp„ OZu hpf lz„ rhQrgs \C S>sp¡ lsp¡. OZu hpf lz„ dpfp¡ X¡$Bgu qf`p¡V¹®$k `Z apBg L$fu iL$sp¡ _\u. s¡ b^p_¡ L$pfZ¡ rhQrgs \C S>hpe.

sdpfy„ Ap¡N£_pBT¡i_ rÀõsu ^d®dp„ rhðpk fpM¡ R>¡. Aphp k„L$V$_p kde¡ sdpfp¡ ^d®dp„\u rhðpk lV$u _\u S>sp¡?
lp, OZu hpf A¡hy„ b_¡ R>¡. L$p¡kp¡hp¡dp„, buÅ rhïheyÙdp„ A_¡ A¡riep_p L¡$V$gpL$ cpNp¡dp„ S>¡ \ey„ R>¡ s¡ õhuL$pfhy„ dyíL¡$g R>¡. gp¡L$p¡ ^d®_p _pd¡ gX$pCAp¡ L$f¡ R>¡. Aphu Ly$v$fsu Ap`qÑ õhuL$pe® R>¡, `Z dpZk dpZk kpd¡ gX¡$ R>¡ s¡ õhuL$pe® _\u. gp¡L$p¡ eyÙp¡ dpV¡$ Cðf_¡ v$p¡j _\u v¡$sp. Ap`Z¡ Ly$v$fsu Ap`qÑ dpV¡$ Cïhf_¡ khpg L$fuA¡ R>uA¡ L¡$ cNhp_ s¢ Aphy„ ip dpV¡$ \hp v$u^y„. ip dpV¡$ buÅ rhðeyÙ_u sbplu \hp v$u^u. ip dpV¡$?

`f„sy lz„ cNhp_dp„ rhïhpk fpMy„ Ry>„, L¡$d L¡$ lz„ 63 hj®_p¡ Ry>„ A_¡ cNhp_¡ S> d_¡ Al] ky^u rS>hpX$ép¡ R>¡. lz„ Al] gp¡L$p¡_¡ A¡L$buÅ_¡ dv$v$ L$fsp„ Å¡J Ry>„ Ðepf¡ L$lz„ Ry>„ lp, lz„ cNhp_dp„ rhðpk fpMy„ Ry>„. cNhp_ S> s¡_p dpfas¡ L$pd L$fu füp¡ R>¡.

c|L„$` rhi¡_p Al¡hpgp¡ A_¡ skhufp¡

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?