X$p¡. L$¡$s_ Th¡fu

ApS>L$pg Ap`Zp hX$p â^p_ hpS>`¡eu_p O|„V$Z_p¡ kp„^p¡ OkpC S>hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ \sp¡ vy$Mphp¡ fp¡S>¡fp¡S> kdpQpfdp„ QdL$sp¡ fl¡ R>¡. kpdpÞe hep¡h©Ù ìe[¼s\u dp„X$u_¡ hX$p â^p_ ky^u L$p¡C_¡ `Z L$pedu `uX$p Ap`_pf Ap kp„^p_p¡ Okpfp¡ Da£ Ap¡[õV$ep¡- Ap\®fpBqV$k_u sL$gua A„N¡ Al] rhNs¡ QQp® L$fu R>¡.

Ddf_¡ L$pfZ¡ \sp¡ kp„^pAp¡_p¡ Okpfp¡ ifuf_p A¡L$pv$ kp„^p\u dp„X$u_¡ A¡L$kp\¡ OZp b^p kp„^pAp¡_¡ Akf L$fu iL¡$ R>¡. kp„^pAp¡_u budpfudp„ kp¥\u h^y âdpZdp„ Å¡hp dmsu Ap budpfu_p„ rQl¹_p¡ 65 hj®\u dp¡V$u Jdf_p 90 V$L$p h©Ùp¡_p A¡¼k-f¡dp„ Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. Jdf_u kp\¡ Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqVk_y„ âdpZ h^sy„ Åe R>¡.

Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqVk \hp_y„ L$pfZ iy„?

Ap Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqVk \hp_y„ kpQy„ L$pfZ iy„ R>¡ A¡ lÆ ky^u Qp¡½$k`Z¡ ÅZu iL$pey„ _\u, `f„sy _uQ¡ S>Zph¡gp„ L$pfZp¡dp„\u L$p¡CL$ _¡ L$p¡CL$ L$pfZ A¡ dpV¡$ S>hpbv$pf lp¡C iL¡$.

1. h^su S>su Jdf : Jdf h^hp_u kp\¡ kp„^p `pk¡ Aph¡gp„ lpX$L$p„_p L$pqV²$g¡S>> sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMpsp cpN_u bfX$sp h^su Åe R>¡ A_¡ A¡ S>gv$u s|V$u Åe R>¡.


2. kp„^p `f \sp¡ Okpfp¡ : hjp£ ky^u L$pd Ap`sp„ Ap`sp„ kp„^p_¡ \su _p_u- dp¡V$u CÅ (_yL$kp_)_u Akf\u R>¡hV¡$ kp„^p_u v$bpZ A_¡ cpf kl_ L$fhp_u ndsp OV$su Åe R>¡. A_¡ R>¡hV¡$ kp„^p_¡ L$pedu _yL$kp_ \pe R>¡, S>¡ Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqVk sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMpe R>¡. dyÌ$u ApNm_p kp„^p A_¡ Mcp_p kp„^p `f kp¥\u h^y CÅAp¡ bp¡[¼k„N L$f_pfpAp¡_¡ \pe R>¡. A¡V$g¡ S> Ap kp„^pAp¡_p¡ Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqVk OZp bp¡¼kfp¡dp„ Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. Ap S> fus¡ bpõL¡$V$bp¡g_p M¡gpX$u_¡ O|„V$Zdp„, b¡g¡ X$pÞkf_¡ O|„V$u `pk¡_p kp„^p_¡ MprZepAp¡_¡ L$fp¡X$dp„ Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqVk \hp_y„ âdpZ h^y lp¡e R>¡. dp¡V$p cpN_p ifuf_y„ hS>_ KQL$sp kp„^pAp¡dp„ Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqVk h^y Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡ A_¡ ÅX$p gp¡L$p¡dp„ Okpfp¡ h^y gpNhp\u A¡ \hp_u i¼esp h^y fl¡ R>¡.


3. h„i`f„`fpNs L$pfZp¡ : S>¡d_p„ dpbp`_¡ Ap budpfu \C lp¡e A¡ gp¡L$p¡_¡ Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqVk \hp_u i¼esp AÞe gp¡L$p¡ L$fsp„ OZu h^pf¡ lp¡e R>¡. kp„^p_p L$pqV®$g¡S>dp„ âp¡V$uAp¡ ÁgpBL$Þk _pd_p fkpeZ_y„ DÐ`pv$_ S>_u_ Ap^pqfs lp¡e R>¡. Ap fkpeZ_u Akf\u kp„^pdp„ `pZu_p AÏAp¡ L$pqV®$g¡S>dp„ Å¡X$pe R>¡. A¡V$g¡ Äepf¡ L$pqV®$g¡S> `f v$bpZ Aph¡ Ðepf¡ cu_u hpv$mu v$bphhp\u _uL$msp `pZu_u S>¡d L$pqV®$g¡S>dp„\u `pZu kp„^pdp„ _uL$m¡ R>¡ A_¡ v$bpZ_u Akf lmhu b_¡ R>¡ (A¡L$ Ås_p lpBX²$p¡rgL$ A¡åkp¡b®f S>¡hy„ S> L$pd Å¡C gp¡!). Äepf¡ kp„^p `f_y„ v$bpZ OV¡$ Ðepf¡ afu `pRy>„ `pZu L$pqV®$g¡S>_p fkpeZ kp\¡ Å¡X$pC Åe R>¡! Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqVk \ep¡ lp¡e A¡ kp„^p_p L$pqV®$g¡S>dp„ Ap âp¡V$uAp¡ ÁgpBL$Þk fkpeZ_y„ DÐ`pv$_ OV$u Ney„ lp¡e R>¡, S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ L$pqV®$g¡S>_u v$bpZ kl_ L$fhp_u i[¼s OV$u Åe R>¡.


4. kp„^p_¡ _yL$kp_ L$fsp AÞe fp¡Np¡ : kp„^p_p dp¡V$p cpN_p fp¡Np¡ Å¡ gp„bp¡ kde Qpgy fl¡ sp¡ kp„^p_¡ \e¡gu CÅAp¡_¡ gu^¡ R>¡hV¡$ A¡ kp„^pdp„ Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqVk \C Åe R>¡. kp„^p_p S>ÞdÅs fp¡Np¡, f¹lzd¡V$p¡BX$ L¡$ BÞa¡[¼V$h Ap\®fpBqVk, qld-Ap\p£rkk, Þeyfp¡`q\L$, Ap\®fp`\u, kp„^pdp„ h^y `X$sp„ [õV$fp¡BX$_p BÞS>¡¼i_, NpDV$ hN¡f¡ A_¡L$ L$pfZp¡\u \sp„ kp„^p_p„ _yL$kp_ R>¡hV¡$ kp„^pdp„ Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqV$k L$f¡ R>¡.

Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqV$k_¡ Ap¡mMhp¡ L$C fus¡?

dpÓ gnZp¡ `f\u Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqVk_y„ r_v$p_ L$fhy„ dyíL¡$g lp¡e R>¡. v¡$Musp„ gnZp¡ D`fp„s A¡¼k-f¡\u r_v$p_ `p½y„$ L$fhy„ `X¡$ R>¡. kpdpÞe fus¡ Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqVk_p v$v$}_u Jdf 40 hj®\u h^pf¡ lp¡e R>¡. dp¡V$p cpN_p v$v$}_¡ A¡L$ A\hp h^pf¡ kp„^pdp„ kpdpÞe vy$:Mphp\u sL$gua_u iê$Aps \su lp¡e R>¡. iê$Apsdp„ kp„^p_p D`ep¡N hMs¡ S> vy$:Mphp¡ \pe A_¡ Apfpd_u [õ\rsdp„ vy$:Mphp¡ b„^ \C Åe. "Ap `R>u' S>¡d S>¡d fp¡N ApNm h^¡ A¡d A¡d vy$:Mphp¡ h^sp¡ Åe R>¡ A_¡ Apfpd_u [õ\rsdp„ `Z vy$:Mphp¡ \hp gpN¡ R>¡.

vy$:Mphp_u kp\p¡kp\ A\hp \p¡X$p kde `R>u S>¡ s¡ kp„^pdp„ kp¡Å¡ Aphhp_u sL$gua `Z \pe R>¡. O|„V$Z, \p`p, L$çdf_p dZL$p, Nfv$__p dZL$p, R>¡ëgp h¡Y$p A_¡ A„N|W$p_p d|m ApNm_p kp„^pAp¡dp„ Ap budpfu M|b kpdpÞe`Z¡ Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. S>¡ kp„^pdp„ budpfu lp¡e A¡ kp„^p `f kp^pfZ v$bpZ Ap`hp\u vy$:Mphp¡ \pe A\hp h^¡ R>¡. kp„^p_¡ lgphhpdp„ Aph¡ Ðepf¡ OZu hMs budpfu hÝep `R>u S>¡ s¡ kp„^p¡ `|f¡`|fp¡ hmu_¡ ku^p¡ \C iL¡$ A¡hy„ b_¡ R>¡. O|„V$Z S>¡hp kp„^p `f lp\ d|L$u_¡ hpmhpdp„ Aph¡ Ðepf¡ A„v$f\u L„$CL$ MV$pMV$ AhpS> Aphsp¡ lp¡e A¡hp¡ cpk \pe R>¡.

Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqVk dpV¡$ L$C s`pk L$fhu?

iê$Aps_p sb½$pdp„ A¡¼k-f¡ _p¡d®g lp¡e A_¡ dpÓ vy$:Mphp¡ \sp¡ lp¡e R>¡. kde S>sp„ kp„^p_p A¡¼k-f¡dp„ kp„^p_p„ b¡ lpX$L$p„ hÃQ¡_u S>Áepdp„ OV$pX$p¡ \e¡gp¡ _p¢^pe R>¡. kp„^p_u qL$_pfuAp¡ `f _hy„ lpX$Ly„$ h^sy„ lp¡e A¡hp¡ Ap¡[õV$ep¡apBV$ sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMpsp¡ cpN v¡$Mpe R>¡. Ap rkhpe `Z kp„^p_p„ lpX$L$p„Ap¡dp„ ApL$pf bv$gpC S>hp_y„ L¡$ qkõV$ L¡$ Ap¡rkL$g lp¡hp_y„ Å¡C iL$pe R>¡. A¡¼k-f¡ rkhpe AÞe L$p¡C g¡bp¡f¡V$fu V¡$õV$\u Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqV$k_y„ r_v$p_ L$fhpdp„ Mpk apmp¡ dmsp¡ _\u. dp¡V$p cpN_u g¡bp¡f¡V$fu V¡$õV$ _p¡d®g Aph¡ R>¡. AÞe L$p¡C budpfu _\u, A¡V$gy„ _½$u L$fhpdp„ S> g¡bp¡f¡V$fu V¡$õV$ D`ep¡Nu \pe R>¡.

Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqVk_u kpfhpf dpV¡$_u v$hpAp¡ :

Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqVk A¡ kp„^p_¡ CÅ \C \C_¡ A¡ sb½¡$ `lp¢Q¡g fp¡N R>¡ L¡$ A¡ \ep `R>u L$p¡C v$hp\u Ap CÅAp¡_¡ k„`|Z® dV$pX$u v¡$hp_y„ i¼e _\u. vy$:Mphp¡ A_¡ kp¡Å¡ Ap¡R>p¡ L$fhp dpV¡$, A¡[õ`qf_, Bbyâp¡a¡_ L¡$ X$pBL$gp¡a¡_¡L$ S>¡hu v$v$®ipdL$ v$hpAp¡ dpÓ spÐL$prgL$ fpls Ap`hp dpV¡$ D`ep¡Nu R>¡. Äep„ ky^u v$hp Qpgy lp¡e Ðep„ ky^u vy$:Mphp, kp¡Ådp„ fpls fl¡, `Z v$hp b„^ L$fhp\u `pR>p¡ vy$:Mphp¡ iê$ \C iL¡$. hmu, Ap v$hpAp¡_u OZu ApX$Akf \C iL¡$ R>¡. Mpk sp¡ Ap b^u v$hpAp¡\u `¡V$dp„ A¡rkqX$V$u h^u Åe R>¡. Ap v$hp A¡V$g¡ S> L$ped dpV¡$ g¡hu rlsphl _\u lp¡su, A_¡ dpÓ h^y `X$sp vy$:Mphp hMs¡ X$p¡¼V$f_u kgpl gC_¡ S> hp`fhu Å¡CA¡.

Ap rkhpe ¼epf¡L$ M|b l¡fp_ L$fsp A¡L$ L¡$ b¡ kp„^pAp¡dp„, [õV$fp¡BX$_p„ BÞS>¡¼i_ Ap`u_¡ fpls d¡mhhu `X¡$ R>¡. Å¡L¡$ hj£ ÓZ\u h^y BÞS>¡¼i_ _ S> dyL$phhp„ Å¡CA¡. L$pfZ L¡$ Ap BÞS>¡¼i_\u kp„^p _bmp `X¡$ R>¡ A_¡ _yL$kp_ `pd¡ R>¡. Apd, Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqV$k v$hp\u kpfp¡ \C iL¡$ A¡hp¡ fp¡N _\u A_¡ v$hpAp¡_p¡ D`ep¡N M|b dep®qv$s`Z¡ S> L$fhp¡ Å¡CA¡. i¡L$ (Nfd L¡$ W„$X$p) L¡$ X$pep\d}_u dv$v$\u `Z vy$:Mphp¡ OV$pX$hpdp„ fpls dm¡ R>¡.

O|„V$Z_p Ap¡[õV$ep¡-Ap\®fpBqVk dpV¡$ fp¡tS>v$u iu L$pmÆ fpMhu?

v¥$r_L$ Æh_dp„ vy$Msp A_¡ OkpC Ne¡gp O|„V$Z_p„ kp„^p kp\¡ L$C fus¡ Æhhy„ A¡ v$f¡L$ v$v$}A¡ Ås¡ S> kdÆ g¡hy„ Å¡CA¡. kpdpÞe S>Zpsp a¡fapfp¡ `Z vy$Mphp¡ OV$pX¡$ R>¡ A_¡ kp„^p_¡ h^pf¡ _yL$kp_ \sy„ AV$L$ph¡ R>¡.

1. sdpfy„ hS>_ h^pf¡ lp¡e sp¡ hS>_ OV$pX$p¡. ÅX$p ifuf_y„ b^y„ hS>_ O|„V$Z `f Aph¡ R>¡ S>¡_¡ `qfZpd¡ Ðep„ Okpfp¡ h^¡ R>¡.


2. v$k rdr_V$\u h^y kde ky^u kss Ecp„ fl¡hp_y„ V$pmp¡. L$p¡C A¡L$ S> [õ\rsdp„ gp„bp kde ky^u O|„V$Z _ fpMu d|L$p¡.


3. `Nr\ep„ QY$hp-Esfhp_y„ V$pmp¡. `Nr\ep„_¡ bv$g¡ Y$pm QY$hp-Esfhp_y„ fpMp¡. A\hp rgãV$ hp`fp¡.


4. _uQ¡ O|„V$qZe¡ T|L$u_¡ A\hp `gp„W$u hpmu_¡ b¡khp_y„ V$pmp¡. _uQu Npv$u D`f b¡khp_¡ bv$g¡ Myfiu `f b¡kp¡. L$pdL$pS>_u hõsyAp¡ L$df_p g¡hg¡ S> fl¡ A¡d Np¡W$hp¡ S>¡\u _uQ¡ hmhp_u S>ê$f S> _ `X¡$. dp¡V$u hõsy Mk¡X$hp dpV¡$ M¢Qhp_¡ bv$g¡ ^½$p¡ dpfp¡ S>¡\u kp„^p `f v$bpZ Ap¡Ry>„ Aph¡.


5. `\pfu, Myfiu L¡$ L$dp¡X$_u KQpC Ap¡R>u lp¡e sp¡ A¡ \p¡X$pL$ KQp„ L$fphp¡ S>¡\u EW$hp-b¡khpdp„ O|„V$Z `f spZ _ `X¡$. Myfiudp„\u Ecp \hp dpV¡$ l„d¡ip„ lp\_p¡ V¡$L$p¡ gp¡.


6. ifuf A_¡ ùv$e_¡ kpb|s fpMhp dpV¡$ r_erds 30 rdr_V$ L$kfs L$fp¡. sfhp_u L$kfs L$fhu, Ofdp„ L$kfs_u kpBL$g Qgphhu L¡$ Qpghy„ hN¡f¡ L$fu iL$pe. M|b h^pf¡ vy$:Mphp¡ \sp¡ lp¡e sp¡ Qpghp_y„ b„^ L$fu v¡$hy„ Å¡CA¡. fp¡X$ `f Qpghp_¡ bv$g¡ Opk L¡$ `p¡Qu S>du_ `f Qpghp\u kp„^p_¡ Ap¡R>p TpV$L$p gpN¡ R>¡.


7. O|„V$Z_u Apk`pk_p õ_peyAp¡ dS>b|s \pe A¡ dpV¡$ r_erds`Z¡ L$kfs L$fhu. `N_¡ O|„V$Z\u ku^p¡ fpMu_¡ O|„V$Z_u Y$p„L$Zu D`f-_uQ¡ \pe A¡ fus¡ õ_peyAp¡ M¢Qu_¡ Y$ugp d|L$hp_u L$kfs\u OZp¡ apev$p¡ \pe R>¡. Ap D`fp„s X$p¡¼V$f_u kgpl\u gV$L$sp `N `f \p¡Xy$„L$ hS>_ fpMu `N_¡ KQp-_uQp L$fhp_u L$kfs `Z \C iL¡$.


8. O|„V$Z_p kp„^p_¡ fnZ Ap`¡ A¡hp¡ `Ë$p¡ (_u-L¡$`) `l¡fhp\u `Z apev$p¡ \pe.


9. S>ê$f `X¡$ sp¡ Qpghp dpV¡$ gpL$X$u_p¡ V¡$L$p¡ g¡hpdp„ S>fp`Z k„L$p¡Q fpMip¡ _l]- A¡_p\u `Z O|„V$Z_¡ fnZ dm¡.


10. Äepf¡ M|b vy$:Mphp¡ \sp¡ lp¡e A_¡ kp¡Å¡ h^pf¡ lp¡e sp¡ X$p¡¼V$f_u kgpl\u Nfd `pZu_p¡ cu_p¡ i¡L$ L$fhp\u fpls dmi¡.

O|„V$Zdp„ L$p¡C CÅ \C lp¡e L¡$ A„v$f_p b„^ s|V$u Nep lp¡e Ðepf¡ O|„V$Z_p kp„^pdp„ v|$fbu_ (Ap\®fp¡õL$p¡`) _pMu_¡ Ap¡`f¡i_ L$fhp\u L$p¡C apev$p¡ \pe, `f„sy Jdf_¡ L$pfZ¡ OkpC Ne¡gp kp„^p_u kpakapC dpV¡$ Ap\®fp¡õL$p¡` A¡V$gy„ b^y„ D`ep¡Nu _\u \sy„. hmu A¡_p\u \p¡X$uOZu fpls \pe A¡ `Z Aë`Æhu (R> drl_p\u b¡ hfk) lp¡C R>¡. ¼epf¡L$ Ap\®fp¡õL$p¡`u_¡ L$pfZ¡ kp„^p_p A„v$f_p cpN_¡ h^pfp_y„ _yL$kp_ \hp_u i¼esp `Z fl¡ R>¡.

O|„V$Z_p¡ kp„^p¡ bv$ghp_y„ Ap¡`f¡i_ ¼epf¡ L$fhy„ `X¡$?

Äepf¡ v$hpAp¡ A_¡ L$pmÆ L$fhp R>sp„ L$p¡C apev$p¡ _ \pe Ðepf¡ R>¡ëgp D`pe sfuL¡$ Ap¡`f¡i_ L$fu_¡ kp„^p¡ bv$gu _pMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. `p„Q\u `„v$f hj® ky^u L$pd Ap`u iL¡$ A¡hp L©$rÓd kp„^p h©Ùp¡ dpV¡$ D`ep¡Nu \pe R>¡, `f„sy _p_u he¡ Aphy„ Ap¡`f¡i_ L$fphhp_y„ kgplcey¯ _\u lp¡sy„. Ap¡`f¡i_ `R>u `Z L©$rÓd kp„^p¡ Ly$v$fsu s„vy$fõs kp„^p S>¡hy„ L$pd _\u Ap`u iL$sp¡ A_¡ v$v$}A¡ L$ped dpV¡$ `gp„W$u hpmhp_y„ L¡$ DcX$L$ b¡khp_y„ V$pmhy„ `X¡$ R>¡. Ap¡`f¡i_ `R>u Q¡` gpNu Åe sp¡ kp„^p¡ sfs _L$pdp¡ \C Åe R>¡. M|b h^y hS>_hpmu ìe[¼sdp„ `Z L©$rÓd kp„^p¡ S>gv$u Msd \C Åe R>¡.

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?