ApS>¡ v$rnZ Ad¡qfL$p_p `°dyM g¡ML$p¡dp„ S>¡_u NZ_p \pe R>¡ s¡ BTpb¡g Ape¡ÞX¡$ `°\d _hgL$\p\u S> QrQ®s flu R>¡. 198`dp„, "lpDk Ap¡a [õ`qfV¹$k' `°\d _hgL$\p lsu S>¡ gp¡L$r`°e \C A_¡ A¡_p `f qaëd `Z b_u Ðepf bpv$ "Ap¡a gh A¡ÞX$ i¡X$p¡T' A_¡ "Bhp gy_p' hN¡f¡ L©$rsAp¡ Aphu, `Z kp\p¡kp\¡ buÅ rhjep¡ `f gMhp_y„ Qpgy fp¿ey„. Qugu_p kfdyMÐepf `°dyM kpëhpv$p¡f Ape¡ÞX¡$_u cÓuÆ BTpb¡g `p¡sp_y„ hs_ R>p¡X$u Ad¡qfL$p fl¡hp Qpgu NC. Al] A¡Z¡ kprl[ÐeL$ `°h©rÑ_u iêAps L$fu.

spS>¡sfdp„ BTpb¡g_u R>Ì$u _hgL$\p "X$p¡V$f Ap¡a ap¡Ãey®_' R> hj®_p A„sf bpv$ R>`pC R>¡. `°L$pi_ \sp„_u kp\¡ S> kpfp qfìey Apìep R>¡ A_¡ h¡QpZ_u Ørô$A¡ `Z b¡õV$ k¡gf_p rgõV$dp„ õ\p_ `pd¡ R>¡. v$rnZ Ad¡qfL$p_u hpõsrhL$sp A_¡ Ðep„_p A_ychp¡ Ap`Zp L$fsp„ sØ_ Syv$p R>¡ Ðep„_p g¡ML$p¡ A¡d_p A_ychp¡_¡ _hp¡ f„N Ap`u fS|> L$f¡ R>¡ S>¡_¡ rhh¡QL$p¡ "d¡rS>L$g qfeprgTd' (Åvy$C hpõsrh¼sp) L$l¡ R>¡. N¡rb°eg dpf¼h¡T L¡$ dpqfep¡ ep¡kpA¡ A¡d_p„ gMpZp¡dp„ Ap hpõsrhL$sp_p¡ `°ep¡N L$ep£ R>¡. BTpb¡g `Z A¡ S> NyV$_u g¡rML$p R>¡.

Ap¡NZukdu kv$u_u `©ô$c|rddp„ fQpe¡gu "X$p¡V$f Ap¡a ap¡Ãey®_' A¡_u _preL$p BqgTp kp¡dk®_u Æh_Np\p R>¡. g¡rML$p_u S>¡d S> hpsp®_u _preL$p Qugudp„ S>Þdu R>¡ A_¡ A„sdp„ L¡$rgap¡r_®ep `lp¢Q¡ R>¡. Qugu_p hpg`fpkp¡ rhõspfdp„ A¡L$ Arhhprls rb°qV$i ÷u fp¡T kp¡dk® A_¡ A¡_p¡ cpC S>¡f¡du fl¡ R>¡. A¡L$ khpf¡ A¡d_¡ Of_p v$fhpÅ `pk¡\u A¡L$ _hÅs riiy dm¡ R>¡. bÞ_¡ Myi \C A¡_¡ A`_phu DR>¡fhp_u S>hpbv$pfu gC g¡ R>¡ A_¡ BrgTp kp¡dk® dp¡V$u \pe R>¡. S>¡f¡du_u S> Ap¡qakdp„ L$pd L$fsp A¡L$ ¼gpL®$ Å¡ApQu__p `°¡ddp„ `X¡$ R>¡ S>¡ fp¡T A_¡ A¡_p cpC_¡ `k„v$ _\u.

1849_u kpg R>¡ A_¡ L¡$rgap¡r_®epdp„ kp¡_p_u MpZp¡ ip¡^pC R>¡. rhïhcf_p kplrkL$p¡ Ap "Np¡ëX$ fi'dp„ _kub AS>dphhp Aphu füp R>¡. BrgTp Nc®hsu lp¡hp R>sp„ `Z L¡$rgap¡r_®ep Åe R>¡ Äep„ A¡_u dygpL$ps A¡L$ QpB_uT X$p¡¼V$f spAp¡ rQe¡_ kp\¡ \pe R>¡. Ap X$p¡¼V$f BrgTp_y„ Æh_ bQphu A¡_p¡ r_L$V$_p¡ rdÓ A_¡ kgplL$pf b_u Åe R>¡. `p¡sp_p `°¡d_¡ ip¡^hp _uL$m¡gu BrgTp ApÐdMp¡S>dp„ ìeõs \C Åe R>¡. R>¡hV¡$ Å¡ApQu_ kp\¡ rdg_ \pe R>¡ Ðepf¡ A¡ _½$u _\u L$fu i¼su L¡$ A¡_u ApL$p„np iu R>¡ A_¡ A¡ iy„ `pdhp dpN¡ R>¡.

g¡rML$p Ape¡ÞX¡$ A¡_p i[¼sipmu `pÓpg¡M_ dpV¡$ ÅZusu R>¡. Ap _hgL$\pdp„ `Z A¡Z¡ A_¡L$ _p_p„ `pÓp¡ Dd¡fu hpsp®_y„ dpmMy„ dS>b|s b_pìey„ R>¡. A¡_u _hgL$\pAp¡dp„ ApÐdL$\p_u Akf õ`ô$ Å¡C iL$pe R>¡. `p¡s¡ Qugudp„ ER>fu lpg L¡$rgap¡r_®epdp„ _kub AS>dphu flu R>¡ s¡ S> fus¡ "X$p¡V$f Ap¡a ap¡Ãey®_'_¡ `Z `p¡sp_y„ _kub L¡$rgap¡r_®ep M¢Qu Åe R>¡. Ap L$\pdp„ _preL$p `p¡sp_p `°¡d_u ip¡^dp„ b^y„ S> d|L$u_¡ Qpgu Åe R>¡ A_¡ epÓp_p A„s¡ rdg_ \hp R>sp„, `Z ApÐdMp¡S>_u _hu qv$ip sfa hmu Åe R>¡.

\p¡X$p„ hjp£ `l¡gp„ BTpb¡g Ape¡ÞX¡$_u eyhp_ `yÓu `p¥gp L$p¡dpdp„ Qpgu NC lsu A_¡ d©Ðey `pdu. g¡rML$pA¡ `p¡sp_u `yÓu_¡ `m `m dfsp„ Å¡C lsu. Ap L$fyZ A_ych rhj¡ A¡Z¡ A¡L$ `yõsL$ g¿ey„ R>¡ - "`p¥gp'. k„h¡v$_p\u cf`|f Ap A¡_p„ î¡›$ `yõsL$p¡dp„ NZpe R>¡. Ape¡ÞX¡$ Ap A_ych rhj¡ gM¡ R>¡ - `p¥gp_p d©Ðey_¡ d¢ A¡V$gu _ÆL$\u Å¡ey„ R>¡ L¡$ `uX$p A_¡ d©Ðey rhj¡_p¡ dpfp¡ ce Qpëep¡ Nep¡ R>¡. Ad¡qfL$_ `rs kp\¡ fl¡su Ape¡ÞX¡$_p ds `°dpZ¡ Ad¡qfL$_ kdpS>dp„ _hy„ L$pd L$p¡C `Z Jdf¡ L$fu iL$pe R>¡. ¼epf¡L$ ìe[¼sNs õhs„Ósp blz h^pf¡ `X$sy„ dlÒh `Z Ap`u v¡$hpe R>¡. Ap õhs„Ósp_p gu^¡ S> Æh_ sØ_ A¡L$ghpey„ A_¡ õhÃR>„v$u b_u Åe R>¡ L$pfZ L¡$ kdpS> A\hp `qfhpf_p L$p¡C S> A„Ly$i gpNy _\u `X$sp.

Ape¡ÞX¡$ dp_¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ad¡qfL$_ eyhp_ _hp¡ Qugp¡ `pX$hp A¡V$gp¡ DÐkplu lp¡e R>¡ L¡$ `f„`fp A\hp c|sL$pm kp\¡_p k„b„^p¡ A¡_¡ fp¡L$u _\u iL$sp. kp` Dspf¡gu L$p„Qmu_¡ c|gu Åe s¡ fus¡ Ap `°Å `p¡sp_u `f„`fp_¡ c|gu flu R>¡, `Z Ape¡ÞX¡$_¡ rhïhpk R>¡ L¡$ cqhóedp„ ÷uAp¡ Ad¡qfL$_ kdpS>dp„ ¾p„rs gphi¡ A_¡ Mp¡hpe¡gp„ d|ëep¡ afu `pR>p„ Aphi¡.

ANpD_p g¡Mp¡
ApqäL$p_u riL$pfepÓp `f l¡tdÁh¡_y„ A„rsd `yõsL$
"qX$kN°¡k'- v$rnZ ApqäL$_ g¡ML$_u i[¼sipmu _hgL$\p
v$¡$iu g¡ML$p¡, rhv¡$iu B_pdp¡
l¡fu `p¡V$f_p„ gp¡L$râe `yõsL$p¡

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?