dy„bCdp„ NyS>fpsu d¡Ohpmp¡_p ApNd__¡ 100 hj® \ep„

b©lv$ dy„bCdp„ NyS>fps\u Aphu_¡ hk_pfu L$C L$p¡d ApS>¡ k„¿ep_u ×rô$A¡ kp¥\u dp¡V$u R>¡ A_¡ R>sp„ s¡_u lpS>fu_u cpÁe¡ S> _p¢^ g¡hpe R>¡? Ap âñ_p¡ S>hpb d¡mhhp¡ lp¡e sp¡ dy„bC dlp_Nf`prgL$pdp„ kapC_y„ L$pe® L$fsp L$d®QpfuAp¡_y„ frS>õV$f s`pkp¡. sd_¡ s¡dp„ kp¥\u h^y k„¿epdp„ kp¡g„L$u, fpW$p¡X$, `fdpf, dL$hpZp A_¡ X$p¡qX$ep S>¡hu S> AV$L$p¡ Å¡hp dmi¡.Ap b^p S> d|m NyS>fps_p cph_Nf rS>ëgp_p d¡Ohpmp¡ R>¡. ÅZu_¡ _hpC gpNi¡ `Z dy„bC dlp_Nf`prgL$pdp„ S>¡ 33,000 kapC L$pdv$pfp¡ R>¡, s¡dp„_p 23,000 d¡Ohpm A_¡ ê$Mu kdpS>_p NyS>fpsu lqfS>_p¡ R>¡. Ap L$p¡d_p dy„bC ApNd__¡ Qpgy hj£ A¡L$ kv$u `|fu \pe R>¡.

dy„bCdp„ kh®â\d Aph_pfp NyS>fpsuAp¡dp„ L$`p¡m A_¡ cpqV$ep L$p¡d_p¡ kdph¡i \pe R>¡. Ap b„_¡ L$p¡dp¡ h¡`pfu A_¡ kplrkL$ lsu. L$pqW$ephpX$_p v$uh V$p`y `pk¡ Aph¡gp Op¡Ogp b„v$f_p kplrkL$ L$`p¡m h¡`pfu ê$`Æ ^_Æ C. k.1692dp„ A¡V$g¡ L¡$ 308 hj® ANpD dy„bB Apìep lsp. L$`p¡m oprs `R>u R>¡L$ Apif¡ 100 hj£, C. k. 1784dp„ L$ÃR>u cpqV$ep kplrkL$p¡_y„ dy„bCdp„ ApNd_ \ey„. Ap ×rô$A¡ dy„bCdp„ fl¡sp d¡Ohpmp¡_p¡ Brslpk Ap¡R>p¡ S|>_p¡ R>¡. k„hs 2056 A\hp sp¡ C. k. 1900_u kpgdp„ kp¥fpô²$dp„ S>¡ R>à`r_ep¡ vy$L$pm `X$ép¡ s¡_p\u Óõs \C_¡ `¡V$_p¡ MpX$p¡ `|fhp dpV¡$ cph_Nf rS>ëgp_p L¡$V$gpL$ d¡Ohpmp¡A¡ Op¡Op b„v$f¡\u dy„bC_u hpV$ `L$X$u A_¡ `R>u sp¡ Ap dlp_Nfdp„ d¡Ohpmp¡_u k„¿ep h^su S> NC R>¡, S>¡ ApS>¡ s¡d_u oprs_p hX$pAp¡_p v$php âdpZ¡ Apif¡ `p„Q gpM D`f `lp¢Qu NC R>¡.

kp¥fpô²$_p d¡Ohpmp¡ A¡V$g¡ d|mc|s fus¡ lqfS>_ L$l¡hpsp hZL$fp¡_u L$p¡d. s¡d_p¡ h„i`f„`fpNs ^„^p¡ L$`Xy„$ hZhp_p¡. HÁg¡ÞX$dp„ Ap¥Ûp¡rNL$ ¾$p„rs Aphu A_¡ dy„bCdp„ s¡d S> Adv$phpv$dp„ `Z L$`X$p„_u rdgp¡ õ\`psu NC s¡d s¡d hZL$fp¡ b¡L$pf b_sp Nep. s¡dp„ `Z R>à`r_ep¡ vy$L$pm KV$_u `uW$ D`f_p R>¡ëgp sZMgp S>¡hp¡ kprbs \ep¡. dy„bCdp„ fp¡Æfp¡V$u dmu fl¡i¡ A¡hp kdpQpfp¡A¡ A_¡L$ hZL$fp¡ v$qfepdpN£ dy„bC Aphhp gpÁep. dy„bCdp„ Aph_pfy„ `l¡gy„ d¡Ohpm Ly$Vy„$b L$ey„ lsy„ s¡_u Ap`Z_¡ ÅZ _\u, `Z s¡Ap¡ Ag„L$pf V$p¡L$uT_u kpd¡ Aph¡gp Bõgpd`yfdp„ hõep lsp, s¡hu _p¢^ S>ê$f dm¡ R>¡.

v$yóL$pm\u bQhp dpV¡$ dy„bC sp¡ Aphu Nep, `Z `¡V$_p¡ MpX$p¡ `|fhp dpV¡$ iy„ L$fhy„? A¡hp¡ âñ Ecp¡ \ep¡. s¡ kde¡ Bõgpd`yfpdp„ Qfp¡sf ê$Mu kdpS>_p L¡$V$gpL$ `qfhpfp¡ hksp lsp. s¡Ap¡ bp¡çb¡ çeyr_rk`prgV$udp„ TpXy$ dpfhp_u _p¡L$fu L$fu `p¡sp_y„ NyS>fp_ Qgphsp lsp. d¡Ohpm `qfhpfp¡ dy„bCdp„ flu `p¡sp_p¡ hZpV$L$pd_p¡ `f„`fpNs ^„^p¡ sp¡ L$fu iL¡$ s¡d _lp¡sp A¡V$g¡ dS>b|fu\u s¡dZ¡ kapC L$pdv$pf sfuL¡$ _p¡L$fu õhuL$pfu gu^u. s¡d_u kp\¡ S>¡ ê$Mu `qfhpfp¡ lsp s¡d_p¡ sp¡ kapC L$pd_p¡ `f„`fpNs ^„^p¡ lsp¡. `R>u sp¡ dy„bCdp„ S>¡V$gp d¡Ohpmp¡ Aphsp Nep s¡Ap¡ b^p S> gNcN çeyr_rk`prgV$u_u _p¡L$fudp„ Å¡X$psp Nep. Ap fus¡ hZL$fp¡_u ApMu L$p¡d kapC L$pdv$pfp¡_u L$p¡d b_u NC.

d¡Ohpm L$p¡d_p ApÛ`yfyj dlpF>rj huf d¡Odpep NZpe R>¡. A¡L$ gp¡L$L$\p âdpZ¡ NyS>fps_p fpÅ rkÙfpS> S>etkl¡ `pV$Zdp„ klötgN smph b„^pìey„, `Z Ap smphdp„ `pZu _lp¡sy„ Aphsy„, L$pfZ L¡$ v¡$hu_¡ brgv$p__u S>ê$f lsu. fpÅ_p k¡hL$p¡ d¡Odpep _pd_p bÓukgnZp `yfyj_¡ ip¡^u gpìep, S>¡_p brgv$p_\u v¡$hu k„syô$ \C. Ap d¡Odpep_p h„iÅ¡ ApS>¡ d¡Ohpm L$l¡hpe R>¡.

dy„bCdp„ d¡Ohpmp¡_p hkhpV$_u iê$Aps Bõgpd`yfp\u \C `Z V$|„L$ kdedp„ dlpgÿdu f¡kL$p¡k® kpd¡ Aph¡gu Mpgu S>du_ D`f s¡Ap¡ T|„`X$p„Ap¡ bp„^u fl¡hp gpÁep. V$|„L$ kdedp„ Al] d¡Ohpmp¡_u dp¡V$u hkpls Ecu \C NC, S>¡_¡ dy„bC dlp_Nf`prgL$pA¡ `pR>m\u õV$pa L$p¡gp¡_u sfuL¡$ dpÞesp Ap`u v$u^u.

ApS>¡ dlpgÿdu D`fp„s spfv¡$h_u sygkuhpX$u, cpeMgp _ÆL$ Aph¡gp hpg`MpX$u, Ap\®f fp¡X$, âcpv¡$hu, Å¡N¡ðfu A_¡ Np¡f¡Npd hN¡f¡ rhõspfp¡dp„ d¡Ohpmp¡_u dp¡V$u L$p¡gp¡_u Aph¡gu R>¡. dy„bC il¡fdp„ d¡Ohpmp¡ iê$Apsdp„ buÆ L$p¡C _p¡L$fu_p Acphdp„ kapC L$pdv$pf bÞep, `Z lh¡ Ap _p¡L$fudp„\u s¡Ap¡ Aphpk kdõep_¡ L$pfZ¡ blpf Aphu iL$sp _\u. dy„bC il¡f dpV¡$ S>¡ L$l¡hs R>¡ L¡$ fp¡V$gp¡ dm¡ `Z Ap¡V$gp¡ dmhp¡ dyíL¡$g R>¡ s¡_p¡ kp¥\u L$X$hp¡ A_ych NyS>fpsu d¡Ohpmp¡_¡ \ep¡ R>¡.

dy„bC dlp_Nf`prgL$p_p¡ r_ed A¡hp¡ R>¡ L¡$ s¡_p¡ L$p¡C `Z L$d®Qpfu r_h©Ñ \pe A¡V$g¡ s¡_¡ Ap`hpdp„ Aphsu õV$pa ¼hpVk®_u kNhX$ `pR>u M¢Qu g¡hpdp„ Aph¡. s¡dp„ A`hpv$ A¡V$gp¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ly$Vy„$b_p¡ L$p¡C kæe Å¡ çeyr_rk`prgV$u_u _p¡L$fudp„ Qpgy fl¡hp dpV¡$ s¥epf lp¡e sp¡ s¡d_p `qfhpf¡ ¼hpVk® Mpgu L$fhy„ `X$sy„ _\u. Ap r_ed_¡ L$pfZ¡ ¼hpV$k®_u kNhX$ V$L$phu fpMhp dpV¡$ d¡Ohpm Ly$Vy„$b_p A¡L$ kæe¡ _pdfÆ\ue çeyr_rk`prgV$udp„ _p¡L$fu L$fhu `X¡$ R>¡, cg¡_¡ `R>u s¡ Nd¡ s¡V$gp¡ cZ¡gp¡ L¡$d _ lp¡e. dy„bC d¡Ohpm kdpS>_p âdyM hufÆcpC kp¡g„L$u R>¡ëgp„ 25 hj®\u kfL$pf kpd¡ gX$u d¡Ohpmp¡ dpV¡$ c|M„X$p¡ d¡mhu füp R>¡ A_¡ lpDtkN kp¡kpeV$uAp¡ bp„^u füp R>¡. 65 hj®_p hufÆcpCA¡ AÐepf ky^udp„ Apif¡ 300 `qfhpfp¡_u Aphpkkdõep Ap fus¡ lg L$fu R>¡. d|m `prgspZp_p fl¡hpku hufÆcpC kp¡g„L$u_p v$pv$p X$p¡kpcpC cp¡ÅcpC ApS>\u Apif¡ 80 hj® ANpD dy„y Apìep lsp. s¡d_p r`spîu gM^ufcpC dlp_Nf`prgL$p_u ipmpdp„ rinL$ lsp A¡V$g¡ hufÆcpC_¡ `Z L¡$mhZu dmu. Ap L$pfZ¡ s¡Ap¡ L$ÞõV²$¼i__p ìehkpedp„ Å¡X$pep. hufÆcpC_p r`spîu gM^ufcpC_¡ X$p¡. bpbpkpl¡b Ap„b¡X$L$f kp\¡ Or_ô$ k„b„^p¡ lsp A_¡ s¡Ap¡ qf`[ågL$_ `pV$}_p kq¾$e L$pe®L$f lsp. bp¡fub„v$f kpd¡ Aph¡gu A¡ç`pef lp¡V$¡gdp„ s¡Ap¡ X$p¡. Ap„b¡X$L$f kp\¡ L$gpL$p¡ ky^u b¡ksp A_¡ v$rgsp¡_u kdõepAp¡_u QQp® L$fsp. ApS>¡ `Z dy„bC_p¡ d¡Ohpm kdpS> X$p¡. Ap„b¡X$L$f_¡ `p¡sp_p fpS>L$ue Nyfy dp_¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡d_u S>ÞdS>e„su_u ^pd^|d\u DS>hZu L$f¡ R>¡.

dy„bCdp„ d¡Ohpmp¡_u ApV$gu dp¡V$u hkrs lp¡hp R>sp„ fpS>L$ue ×rô$A¡ s¡Ap¡ Ak„NqW$s R>¡. d¡Ohpm oprs_p AN°Zu fpcÆcpC kp¡g„L$u rh^p_`qfjv$_p kæe bÞep lsp A_¡ d¡Ohpm kdpS>_p hs®dp_ âdyM hufÆcpC kp¡g„L$u 1985\u 1992 v$frdep_ _Nfk¡hL$ füp lsp.hufÆcpC kp¡g„L$u AÐepf¡ dy„bC âv¡$i L$p¡ÞN°¡k L$rdVu$_p qf`¡f A¡ÞX$ qfL$ÞõV²$¼i_ k¡g_p AÝen R>¡. s¡d_p âepkp¡\u õ\`pe¡gu d¡Ohpm L$p¡-Ap¡`f¡qV$h ¾¡$qX$V$ kp¡kpeV$udp„\u 1200 d¡Ohpm eyhp_p¡_¡ ^„^p dpV¡$ gp¡_ Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡. lh¡ sp¡ A_¡L$ d¡Ohpm eyhL$p¡¡ DÃQ rinZ gC füp R>¡ A_¡ v¡$_p b¡ÞL$, f¡gh¡,A¡f B[ÞX$ep A_¡ A¡gApBku hN¡f¡ L„$`_uAp¡dp„ DÃQ lp¡ØpAp¡ D`f `lp¢Qu füp R>¡.d¡Ohpm L$p¡d_p ^d®Nyfy bmv¡$hv$pk bp`y_y„ ^„^yL$p _ÆL$ Aph¡gp Tp„TfL$p_p Apîddp„ spS>¡sfdp„ S> Ahkp_ \C Ney„. gp¡lpZp oprs_p W$½$fbp`pA¡ `Z d¡Ohpm L$p¡d_u DÞ_rs dpV¡$ cpf¡ `yfyjp\® L$ep£ lsp¡.

Bg¡¼V²$p¡r_¼k A¡[ÞS>r_ef NpdX$pdp„ M¡su L$f¡ R>¡

fdZgpg hk„sgpg v¡$kpC_u N°pdgÿdu _hgL$\p_p¡ _peL$ Arð_ il¡f R>p¡X$u NpdX$pdp„ fl¡hp Åe R>¡. A¡ sp¡ _hgL$\p lsu, `Z Ap lL$uL$s R>¡. Adv$phpv$_u Nëk® `p¡rgV¡$L$¹r_L$dp„ AÝep`L$_u _p¡L$fu L$fsp ^uf¡ÞÖ kp¡_¡Æ A_¡ s¡d_p„ `Ð_u [õdspbl¡_ 14 hj®\u _d®v$p _v$u_¡ L$p„W¡$ M¡su L$fu `p¡sp_y„ NyS>fp_ Qgphu füp„ R>¡. ^uf¡ÞÖcpC buB Bg¡L$V²$p¡r_¼k R>¡ sp¡ [õdspbl¡_¡ A¡dA¡kku(Bg¡¼V²$p¡r_¼k) D`fp„s õ`¡k kpeÞkdp„ `p¡õV$ N°¡ÄeyA¡V$_u qX$N°u d¡mhu R>¡.`„v$f hj® ANpD s¡dZ¡ A¡L$pA¡L$ _½$u L$ey¯ L¡$ il¡f_u tS>v$Nu R>p¡X$u NpdX$pdp„ S>hy„ R>¡ A_¡ L$yv$fs_¡ Mp¡m¡ Æhhy„ R>¡. cê$Q rS>ëgpdp„ fpS>`u`mp _ÆL$ kpL$hp Npd¡ _d®v$pd¥ep_p L$p„W¡$ s¡dZ¡ b¡ A¡L$f S>du_ Mfuv$u A_¡ c|rd`yÓ_u S>¡d NyS>fp_ Qgphhp_y„ _½$u L$ey¯.

^uf¡ÞÖ kp¡_¡Æ `pk¡ S>¡ b¡ A¡L$f S>du_ R>¡ s¡ `¥L$u AX$^p¡ A¡L$f fl¡W$pZ, NdpZ, Np¡bf N¡kàgpÞV$, fõsp A_¡ M¡s-sgphX$u hN¡f¡dp„ fp¡L$pe¡gu R>¡. bpL$u S>¡ v$p¡Y$ A¡L$f S>du_ flu s¡ `¥L$u `„v$f Ny„W$pdp„ s¡dZ¡ huk ampD TpX$ DNpX$ép„ R>¡. bpL$u_p r`õspmuk Ny„W$pdp„ s¡Ap¡ iZ, dNamu, dL$pC, dN, sg, AX$v$, syh¡f, QucX$p„, X$p„Nf, Sy>hpf A_¡ bpS>fu_u M¡su L$f¡ R>¡. s¡dZ¡ A¡L$ Npe A_¡ bmv$ fp¿ep„ R>¡. Npe v|$^ Ap`¡ R>¡ A_¡ bmv$ M¡su_p L$pddp„ Aph¡ R>¡. R>pZ_p¡ D`ep¡N Np¡bf N¡k b_phhp dpV$¡ \pe R>¡.Np¡bf N¡k_u fbX$u_p¡ D`ep¡N s¡Ap¡ L$ç`p¡õV$ Mpsf b_phhp L$f¡ R>¡.

kp¡_¡Æ_u M¡suhpX$u k„`|Z® AtlkL$ R>¡.s¡dp„ ¼ep„e fpkpeqZL$ Mpsf_p¡ L¡$ S>„sy_piL$ v$hpAp¡_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhpdp„ Aphsp¡ _\u. s¡d_p M¡sfdp„ kpW$ Ås_p„ h©np¡ R>¡. rdî `pL$ A_¡ v¡$iu rbepfZ_¡ gu^¡ S>„sy_piL$p¡_u S>ê$f `X$su _\u. Nep hj£ s¡dZ¡ Qp¡huk Qp¡dpky `pL$p¡ A_¡ kpX$Óuk riepmy `pL$p¡ `p¡sp_p M¡sfdp„ gu^p lsp.

^uf¡ÞÖ kp¡_¡Æ A_¡ [õdspbl¡_¡ `p¡sp_p s¡f hj®_p `yÓ rhð¡s A_¡ v$k hj®_p `yÓ cpN®h_¡ ipmpA¡ cZhp dp¡L$ëep _\u, `Z M¡suhpX$u, `iy`pg_ A_¡ DÛp¡N_u spgud Of¡ S> Ap`u R>¡. Ap bÞ_¡ bpmL$p¡_p¡ S>Þd s¡dZ¡ il¡f R>p¡X$éy„ Ðepf `R>u \ep¡ lsp¡. rhð¡s A_¡ cpN®h_¡ S>¡ fdL$X$p„\u fdhy„ lp¡e s¡ Ås¡ b_phsp„ iuMu Nep R>¡. s¡Ap¡ hp„k_u `p¡gu kmudp„\u bp¡g`¡_ b_ph¡ R>¡ A_¡ gpL$X$pdp„\u QdQp, dp¡V$f, awgv$p_u hN¡f¡ `Z b_phu L$pY¡$ R>¡. EÅ® dpV¡$ Np¡bf N¡k A_¡ k|e®L|$L$f_p¡ D`ep¡N L$f¡ R>¡. huS>mu_p Å¡X$pZ_u s¡d_¡ S>ê$f S> `X$su _\u, L$pfZ L¡$ d_p¡f„S>_ dpV¡$ V$uhu L¡$ V¡$`f¡L$p¡X®$f s¡dZ¡ hkpìey„ _\u. A_pS> v$mhp_u O„V$u L¡$ `pZu_p¡ `ç` s¡Ap¡ X$uTg\u Qgph¡ R>¡.

s¡d_¡ A¡ hps_p¡ kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ Ap_„v$ R>¡ L¡$ õh¡ÃR>pA¡ A`_ph¡gu Ap Æh_i¥gu\u s¡Ap¡ kdpS>_p L$p¡C hN®_p ip¡jZdp„ cpNuv$pf b_sp„ _\u.

^uf¡ÞÖ kp¡_¡Æ_p¡ kam âep¡N Å¡C lh¡ dy„bC, Adv$phpv$ A_¡ kyfsdp„ fl¡sp L¡$V$gpL$ il¡fuAp¡ `Z Ap fus¡ il¡fu Æh__u ^dpg R>p¡X$u NpdX$pdp„ S>C Ly$v$fs_¡ Mp¡m¡ hkhp sÐ`f \C Nep R>¡. Aphp R> `qfhpfp¡ A¡râg drl_pdp„ `„v$f qv$hk dpV$¡ kp¡_¡Æ_p dl¡dp_ \C s¡d_p M¡sf D`f flu Apìep.

dy„bBdp„ fl¡sp _pfpeZcpC Qp¥lpZ A_¡ dl¡icpC ipl `Z kp¡_¡Æ_p `X$p¡iu b_hp dpV¡$ A^ufp \ep R>¡, `Z kp¡_¡Æ b^p_¡ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ Al] A_¡L$ L$kp¡V$uAp¡_p¡ kpd_p¡ L$fhp¡ `X$i¡, dpV¡$ rhQpfu_¡ AphÅ¡. lh¡ Ap¡NõV$ drl_pdp„ hfkpv$ A_¡ M¡suhpX$u_u F>sy `|fblpfdp„ li¡ Ðepf¡ A_¡L$ il¡fu `qfhpfp¡ ^uf¡ÞÖ kp¡_¡Æ_p apd®dp„ A¡L$ AW$hpqX$ey„ flu s¡d_u `pk¡\u Ly$v$fs_¡ Mp¡m¡ Æhhp_u spgud âpá L$fi¡.

ANpD_p g¡Mp¡
S>¥_ ^d® BÞV$f_¡V$_p eyNdp„ ApNm h^u füp¡ R>¡
Np„^uÆ_p ApÝep[ÐdL$ Nyfy îudv$ fpS>Q„Ö
õhpÝepeâ¡duAp¡_¡ gp„bp kde `R>u v$pv$p_p„ v$i®_ \ep„
kfõhsu _v$u NyS>fps_p c|smdp„ hlu flu R>¡?
k|ÿd Atlkp_y„ âsuL$ ÆhpsMp_y„
C-rbT_¡k A_¡ L$ÃR>u h¡`pfuAp¡
OJ_p Ähpfp s„vy$fõsu dpV¡$ ArsDÑd
L$pm k`® ep¡N A¡V$g¡ iy„?
L$ÃR>u rhkp Ap¡khpm oprs_p¡ cìe õhe„hf
Ap¡_gpB_ oprsAp¡_p„ hkrs`ÓL$
f¡L$udp„ Qpgsp„ flõede f¡L¡$V¹$k
Æhv$ep_p L$pe®L$f_p„ Ly$Vy„$buS>_p¡_¡ klpe
L$p¡V®$_u blpf `Z R|>V$pR>¡X$p dm¡
Ar_hpe® Ar_óV$ S>¡hu oprsâ\p
"L$¡$d R>p¡?'

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?