rhïh rlÞvy$ `qfjv$_p Ap„sffpóV²$ue dlpd„Óu X$p¡. âhuZ sp¡NqX$ep õ`óV$h¼sp R>¡. lL$uL$sp¡ s¡d_¡ dp¡Y¡$ S> lp¡e R>¡.

R>¡ëgp„ b¡A¡L$ hj®\u rÀõsuAp¡ `f lzdgp_p b_php¡_p Mbf r_erds A„sf¡ Aphsp fl¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p\u v¡$i_u R>p` rhv¡$idp„ `Z MfX$pC R>¡. âhuZcpC kp\¡ Ap dyØp `f rhNs¡ QQp® L$f¡ R>¡ AprkõV„$V$ A¡qX$V$f qv$gu` Np¡rlg.

âhuZcpC, rÀõsuAp¡ `f lzdgp_p b_php¡ h^u füp R>¡ A_¡ rÀõsuAp¡ Akgpdsu A_ychu füp R>¡. Myv$ hX$p â^p_¡ `p¡`_¡ dmu_¡ cpfsdp„ rÀõsuAp¡ kgpds R>¡ A¡hu Mpsfu Ap`hu `X$u R>¡.

AV$gÆA¡ `p¡s¡ S> fp¡ddp„ L$üy„ L¡$ Aphp b_php¡ R|>V$pR>hpep R>¡. v¡$idp„ hj£ lÅfp¡ Ny_pAp¡ \pe R>¡. Ap sp¡ A¡L$ L$pev$p¡ A_¡ ìehõ\p_p¡ âp¡åg¡d R>¡. Ny_p¡ sp¡ ApMf¡ sp¡ Ny_p¡ R>¡. A`fp^u_u L$p¡C L$p¡d L¡$ oprs _\u lp¡su. L$p¡C rlÞvy$_u lÐep \pe sp¡ iy„ Ap`Z¡ QQ® `f Apfp¡` gNphhp¡? A¡ S> fus¡ L$p¡C rÀõsu L¡$ dy[õgd_u lÐep \pe sp¡ iy„ rlÞvy$Ap¡_¡ v$p¡j v¡$hp_p¡? Äepf¡ `Z L$p¡C _p_p¡ b_ph b_¡ L¡$ sfs S> AÐepQpf_p Apfp¡`p¡ dyL$pe. rÀõsuAp¡ `f Ap L$p¡C AÐepQpf _\u. Ap sp¡ L$pev$p¡ A_¡ ìehõ\p_u kdõep R>¡. Ap lzdgpAp¡dp„ rlÞvy$ k„õ\pAp¡_p¡ A¡L$`Z L$pe®L$f k„X$p¡hpe¡gp¡ _\u.

`p¡`¡ Ål¡f L$e¯y R>¡ L¡$ lh¡ A¡riep A_¡ cpfs_y„ rÀõsuL$fZ L$fu _pMhp_y„ R>¡. s¡ gp¡L$p¡_u hV$pm âh©rÑAp¡ h^u NC R>¡. ^dp¯sf_p¡ gÿep„L$ `|fp¡ L$fhp dpV¡$ QQ® Üpfp rlÞvy$ kdpS>_¡ bv$_pd L$fhp_u Qpg Qpghpdp„ Aphu R>¡. rlÞvy$Ap¡ kpd¡ r^½$pf a¡gphhp_u Ty„b¡i Qpgu flu R>¡. QQ®_¡ L¡$V$gpL$ fpS>L$ue `np¡ A_¡ L¡$V$gpL$ `ÓL$pfp¡_p¡ `Z kp\ dmu füp¡ R>¡.

`f„sy A¡L$ `R>u A¡L$ b_php¡ b_hp gpÁep R>¡, S>¡dp„ rÀõsuAp¡_¡ r_ip_ b_phhpdp„ Apìep lp¡e.

afu lz„ L$lz„ Ry>„ L¡$ A¡L$`Z rlÞvy$ k„õ\p_p¡ A¡L$`Z L$pe®L$f Apdp„ k„X$p¡hpe¡gp¡ _\u. s`pk `„Qp¡A¡ `Z Ap hps S> L$lu R>¡. dp¡V$p cpN_p qL$õkpdp„ _p_u OV$_p_¡ dp¡V$u v¡$MpX$u_¡ rlÞvy$ kdpS>_¡ hNp¡hhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡.

rÀõsuAp¡ `f_p Ap L$l¡hpsp b_php¡_u lL$uL$s `f _S>f _pMp¡ sp¡ Mbf `X$u S>i¡. dÝe âv¡$idp„ ÅbyyApdp„ A¡L$ _k® `f bmpÐL$pf \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡ dpV¡$ rlÞvy$Ap¡_¡ v$p¡j v¡$hpep¡, ^fZp„ \ep„, âv$i®_p¡ \ep„. s`pkdp„ iy„ blpf Apìey„? A¡ _k® `f bmpÐL$pf_p Apfp¡`dp„ S>¡ gp¡L$p¡_¡ `L$X$hpdp„ Apìep R>¡ s¡dp„_p 11 sp¡ rÀõsuAp¡ R>¡.

X$p¡. N°¡lpd õV¡$B__p L¡$kdp„ Þepep^ui hp^hp `„Q b¡kpX$pey„ lsy„. hp^hp `„Q¡ s`pk `R>u L$üy„ R>¡ L¡$ s¡dp„ L$p¡C rlÞvy$ k„õ\p k„Xp¡hpe¡gu _lp¡su. v$pfptkl_u ^f`L$X$ `R>u `Z A¡ hps õ`ô$ \C NC R>¡ L¡$ L$p¡C rlÞvy$ k„õ\p_p¡ s¡dp„ lp\ _\u.

V¡$[¼_L$gu L$v$pQ A¡ gp¡L$p¡ bS>f„N v$m L¡$ AÞe k„õ\p_p kæep¡ _l] lp¡e, `Z R>p` sp¡ A¡hu S> `X¡$ R>¡ L¡$ bS>f„N v$m_p gp¡L$p¡ lzdgp L$f¡ R>¡.

V¡$[¼_L$gu lz„ `Z iy„ L$fu iLy„$? lzdgpdp„ k„X$p¡hpe¡gp L$p¡C Adpfu k„õ\p_p kæep¡ _\u A¡ õ`ô$ R>¡. bsphp¡ bS>f„N v$m_p¡ A¡L$`Z lp¡Ø¡v$pf L$p¡C qL$õkpdp„ k„X$p¡hpep¡ lp¡e sp¡. dpÓ bv$_pd L$fhp dpV¡$ Aphp¡ âQpf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

ApNm hps L$fuA¡ sp¡ bpqf`pX$p, Ap¡qfkpdp„ __ `f bmpÐL$pf \ep¡. s¡_p rhi¡ blz Elp`p¡l L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡. rlÞvy$ k„õ\pAp¡_¡ Mfpb Qusfhpdp„ Aphu. s`pkdp„ blpf Apìey„ L¡$ L$p¡C bmpÐL$pf \ep¡ S> _lp¡sp¡. bmpÐL$pf_u hps S> Mp¡V$u lsu. X$p¡¼V$f_p¡ qf`p¡V®$ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ S>¡ Op \ep lsp s¡ `Z Ås¡ L$ep® gpN¡ R>¡.

X$p¡. Älp¡_ rkëh¡õV$f_p qL$õkpdp„ bS>f„N v$m_¡ Mp¡V$u fus¡ bv$_pd L$fhpdp„ Apìey„. A¡hp¡ âQpf L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ L¡$ A¡L$ Ad¡qfL$_ rdi_fu X$p¡¼V$f `f lzdgp¡ \ep¡. s`pkdp„ blpf Apìey„ L¡$ s¡ Ad¡qfL$_ `Z _lp¡sp, X$p¡¼V$f `Z _lp¡sp, rdi_fu `Z _lp¡sp A_¡ s¡dZ¡ L$üy„ lsy„ L¡$ s¡d_p `f lzdgp¡ `Z _lp¡sp¡ \ep¡. rÀõsuAp¡ Apfp¡` gNph¡ R>¡ L¡$ lqfepZpdp„ QQ® `f lzdgp¡ \ep¡. s`pk L$fhpdp„ Aphu Ðepf¡ __ Üpfp L$l¡hpey„ L¡$ L$p¡C lzdgp¡ _lp¡sp¡ \ep¡. QQ£ Apn¡` L$ep£ L¡$ ApN°pdp„ L$p¡Þh¡ÞV$ `f rlÞvy$Ap¡A¡ lzdgp¡ L$ep£ R>¡. s`pkdp„ blpf Apìey„ L¡$ lzdgp_p¡ Apfp¡`u A¡L$ L$p¢N°¡ku _¡sp_p¡ `yÓ lsp¡. L¡$fmdp„ he_pfdp„ A¡hu aqfepv$ \C L¡$ QQ®dp„\u bpBbg Qp¡fu g¡hpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. s`pkdp„ blpf Apìey„ L¡$ aqfepv$ sØ_ Mp¡V$u lsu A_¡ bpBbg kgpds lsy„.

NyS>fpsdp„ X$p„N_p lgdyX$u Npd¡ QQ®_¡ bpmu_¡ s¡_p `f d„qv$f bp„^hpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡ A¡d L$lu_¡ lp¡lp L$fu d|L$hpdp„ Aphu. lL$uL$s A¡ R>¡ L¡$ S>¡ _hy„ d„qv$f bp„^hpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡ s¡ QQ®\u OÏ„ v|$f R>¡.

dsgb L¡$ ApV$gp b^p qL$õkp sp¡ sØ_ D`Åhu L$pY$hpdp„ Apìep R>¡. rlÞvy$ kdpS>_¡ bv$_pd L$fhp_u QQ®_u Qpg_p¡ S> Ap A¡L$ cpN R>¡.

Ap`Z¡ Å¡ sdpfu hps dp_u gCA¡ sp¡ `R>u lpg_p„ hjp£dp„ S> L¡$d rlÞvy$ kdpS>_¡ bv$_pd L$fhpdp„ Aphu füp¡ R>¡? hV$pm âh©rÑ sp¡ hjp£\u Qpg¡ R>¡.

`p¡`¡ Ål¡fps L$fu R>¡ L¡$ lh¡ A¡riep A_¡ cpfsdp„ ^d®`qfhs®_p¡ L$fphu_¡ s¡d_¡ rÀõsu b_phu v¡$hp. R>¡ëgp„ v$k hj®dp„ rdi_fuAp¡_u âh©rÑAp¡ h^u NC R>¡. s¡ gp¡L$p¡ cpfsdp„ _h gpM QQ® bp„^hp dpN¡ R>¡. rdi_fuAp¡ v$f hj£ 10 L$fp¡X$ bpBbg cpfsdp„ hl¢Q¡ R>¡. v$f hj£ s¡ gp¡L$p¡ 10 lÅf rlÞvy$Ap¡_¡ rÀõsu b_phu füp R>¡. s¡ gp¡L$p¡_u âh©rÑAp¡ Msf_pL$ b_u flu R>¡.

`Z s¡dp„ rÀõsuAp¡ `f lzdgp ip dpV¡$ \pe R>¡ s¡_p¡ S>hpb _\u dmsp¡.

d¢ L$üy„ _¡ L¡$ Ap A¡L$ ApMu Qpg R>¡, rlÞvy$ kdpS>_¡ bv$_pd L$fhp dpV¡$ lzdgpAp¡ D`Åhu L$Y$pe R>¡. QQ®, L¡$V$gpL$ fpS>L$ue `np¡ A_¡ L¡$V$gpL$ `ÓL$pfp¡ rlÞvy$ kdpS>_¡ bv$_pd L$fhp d\u füp„ R>¡. s¡ gp¡L$p¡ Mp¡V$p qL$õkpAp¡ D`Åhu L$pY¡$ R>¡.

A¡ L¡$hu fus¡ b_u iL¡$ L¡$ NyS>fps_p„ b^p„ AMbpfp¡A¡ g¿ey„ lp¡e L¡$ rlÞvy$Ap¡ Üpfp L$pY$hpdp„ Aph¡gu ip„s f¡gu `f `Õ\fdpfp¡ \ep¡ (Nep hj£ _pspg hMs¡) A_¡ B[ÞX$e_ A¡¼kâ¡k S>¡hp„ L¡$V$gp„L$ A„N°¡Æ AMbpfp¡dp„ A¡hy„ gMpey„ lp¡e L¡$ rÀõsuAp¡ `f lzdgp¡ \ep¡? lpgdp„ S> l¥v$fpbpv$dp„ ÓZ rlÞvy$ d„qv$fp¡ `f lzdgp \ep R>¡. Ad¡ s¡_p dpV¡$ Elp`p¡l dQpìep¡? iy„ Adpf¡ ^dpg L$fhu A_¡ lzdgp dpV¡$ QQ®_¡ S>hpbv$pf W¡$fhhy„?

rdi_fuAp¡_y„ sp¡ L$pd S> ^d®_p¡ âkpf L$fhp_y„ R>¡. L¡$V$gpL$ rlÞvy$Ap¡ `Z A¡hp ds_p R>¡ L¡$ rdi_fuAp¡ gp¡L$p¡_u k¡hp_y„ S>¡ L$pe® L$f¡ R>¡ s¡_p L$pfZ¡ ^d®`qfhs®_ \pe R>¡.

k¡hp sp¡ A¡_¡ L$l¡hpe S>¡dp„ L$p¡C A`¡np rh_p dv$v$ L$fhpdp„ Aphu lp¡e. QQ® sp¡ L„$CL$ d¡mhhp dpV¡$ k¡hp L$f¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ \p¡X$u Ad\u dv$v$ L$fu_¡ OZy„ b^y„ lp„kg L$fu g¡hp dpN¡ R>¡. Ap L„$C k¡hp _\u, Ap sp¡ ^„^p¡ R>¡, k¡g R>¡. Ap sp¡ ^d® Mfuv$hpdp„ Aphu füp¡ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ k¡hp_p _pd¡ ^d® Mfuv$u füp R>¡, ^d®`qfhs®_ Mfuv$u füp R>¡.

buSy>„ A¡ `Z Mp¡V$u dpÞesp R>¡ L¡$ k¡hp_y„ L$pd dpÓ QQ® S> L$f¡ R>¡. dpÓ i¥nrZL$ n¡Ó_u hps L$fuA¡ sp¡ rÀõsuAp¡ 12,000 ipmpAp¡ Qgph¡ R>¡ s¡_u kpd¡ Sy>v$u Sy>v$u rlÞvy$ k„õ\pAp¡ 60,000 ipmpAp¡ Qgphu flu R>¡. Ap D`fp„s fpdL©$óZ rdi_ A_¡ Ape® kdpS> hN¡f¡ Üpfp Qpgsu buÆ 50,000 ipmpAp¡ AgN.

A¡hy„ Mfy„ L¡$ rÀõsu b_¡gpAp¡_¡ afu rlÞvy$ b_phhp_u âh©rÑ_¡ h¡N dþep¡ A¡ `R>u dyíL¡$gu iê$ \C R>¡? buSy>„, S>¡ v$rgsp¡ A_¡ rÀõsuAp¡ hV$gpep lsp s¡d_¡ rlÞvy$ kdpS>dp„ Þepe _lp¡sp¡ dmsp¡.

s¡ hps kpQu _\u. S>¡ gp¡L$p¡A¡ ^d®`qfhs®_ L$e¯y lsy„ s¡Ap¡ lspi \C_¡ rlÞvy$ ^d®dp„ `pR>p afu füp R>¡. L¡$d L¡$ rÀõsu bÞep `R>ue S>¡ Apip gC_¡ s¡Ap¡ Nep lsp s¡ `|fu \C _\u. s¡d_p v$fÄÅdp„ L$p¡C afL$ _\u `X$ép¡. lL$uL$sdp„ 1994dp„ `yZ¡dp„ L¡$\rgL$ rbi` L$p¡ÞafÞk Ap¡a B[ÞX$epdp„ A¡hy„ L$b|ghpdp„ Apìey„ lsy„ L¡$ v$rgsp¡-Apqv$hpkuAp¡ b¡ hpf R>¡sfpep R>¡. A¡L$ hpf Ap`Zp\u A_¡ buÆ hpf QQ®\u.

S>¡ gp¡L$p¡ gpgQ_¡ L$pfZ¡ hV$gpep lsp s¡Ap¡ lh¡ N|„NmpdZ A_ychu füp R>¡. rÀõsu bÞep `R>u rÀõsu kdpS>dp„ `Z s¡dZ¡ A¡ S> _ps-Ås, KQ-_uQ_p c¡v$cph kl_ L$fhp `X$u füp R>¡. s¡d_u kp\¡ A¡V$gp¡ S> Mfpb hsp®h \pe R>¡. s¡ gp¡L$p¡ kp\¡ c¡v$cph fMpe R>¡. QQ®dp„ õ\p_ Ap`hp_u hps lp¡e L¡$ rÀõsu k„õ\pAp¡dp„ _p¡L$fu_u hps lp¡e, s¡d_u kp\¡ c¡v$cph L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Af¡, L$b°õsp_dp„ `Z c¡v$cph \pe R>¡. s¡ gp¡L$p¡ lspi \ep R>¡ A_¡ A¡V$g¡ rlÞvy$ ^d®dp„ `pR>p afu füp R>¡. rdi_fuAp¡ `Z `p¡sp_p âepkp¡dp„ lspi \ep R>¡. A_¡ A¡V$g¡ S> lh¡ s¡Ap¡ bv$_pdu L$fhp `f Esfu `X$ép R>¡.

A¡hy„ `Z L$l¡hpe R>¡ L¡$ kp¡r_ep Np„^u L$p¢N°¡k_p„ âdyM bÞep„ `R>u rÀõsuAp¡ `f lzdgp_u ep¡S>_p OX$u L$Y$pC, S>¡\u rlÞvy$Ap¡_p ds A¡L$ L$fu iL$pe. A¡V$g¡ Al] dyØp¡ ^d® L$fsp„ fpS>L$pfZ_p¡ h^y R>¡...

kp¡r_ep Np„^u L$p¢N°¡k_p„ âdyM bÞep„ s¡ `R>u QQ®_u tlds h^u NC. rdi_fuAp¡dp„ _hy„ Å¡d Apìey„. s¡ gp¡L$p¡_¡ gpÁey„ L¡$ lh¡ ce A_¡ gpgQ Üpfp N¡fb„^pfZue fus¡ hV$pm âh©rÑ_¡ fpS>L$ue Apifp¡ A_¡ V¡$L$p¡ dmi¡. kp¡r_ep rÀõsu A_¡ L¡$\rgL$ lp¡hp\u L$p¢N°¡k âdyM bÞep„ s¡ `R>u rdi_fuAp¡A¡ `p¡sp_u âh©rÑAp¡_p¡ ìep` h^pfu v$u^p¡ R>¡.

X$p„Ndp„ sp¡ap_p¡ \ep„ Ðepf¡ kp¡r_ep Ðep„ dygpL$ps¡ Apìep„ lsp„. `Z s¡Ap¡ dpÓ rÀõsuAp¡_¡ S> dýep„. rlÞvy$ Apqv$hpkuAp¡_¡ dmhp_u `fhp _lp¡su L$fu. s¡_p `f\u S> ¿epg Aphu Åe R>¡ s¡d_¡ dpÓ rÀõsuAp¡_u S> tQsp R>¡.

rÀõsuAp¡_u k„¿ep A¡V$gu dp¡V$u _\u L¡$ fpS>L$ue fus¡ dy[õgdp¡_u S>¡d Akf `pX$u iL¡$. R>sp„ s¡d_¡ S> L¡$d r_ip_ b_phpep R>¡.

Al] fpS>L$pfZ_u hps _\u. buSy>„, dlÒh_u hps rÀõsuAp¡_u k„¿ep L¡$V$gu R>¡ s¡ _\u. dlÒh_u hps A¡ R>¡ L¡$ rÀõsu rdi_fuAp¡ L¡$hu L¡$hu âh©rÑAp¡ L$f¡ R>¡. rlÞvy$ kdpS> A_¡ v¡$idp„ NfbX$ L$fhp_u s¡_u spL$ps L¡$V$gu R>¡ s¡ dlÒh_u hps R>¡. rdi_fuAp¡dp„ s¡hu spL$ps R>¡. Cip_ cpfsdp„ s¡ gp¡L$p¡A¡ L¡$hu [õ\rs kfÆ R>¡? s¡ gp¡L$p¡ dpÓ Cip_ cpfs_¡ S> A[õ\f L$fu iL¡$ s¡hy„ _\u. kdN° v¡$i_¡ A[õ\f L$fu iL¡$ s¡d R>¡. s¡ gp¡L$p¡ rgbf¡i_ r\ep¡gp¡Ædp„ dp_¡ R>¡, A\X$pdZ A_¡ tlkpdp„ s¡ gp¡L$p¡ rhïhpk fpM¡ R>¡.

buSy>„, v¡$idp„ 1900 S>¡V$gu õh¥[ÃR>L$ k„õ\pAp¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_¡ v$f hj£ rhv¡$idp„\u ê$r`ep 2,000 L$fp¡X$_y„ c„X$p¡m dm¡ R>¡. dp¡V$p cpN_u A¡_ÆAp¡ rÀõsuAp¡ Üpfp L¡$ QQ® Üpfp Qpg¡ R>¡. cpfsdp„_p rÀõsuAp¡_y„ v$p¡fuk„Qpg_ rhv¡$i\u \pe R>¡¡. qhv¡$iu _pZp„\u s¡d_u âh©rÑAp¡ Qpg¡ R>¡. rdi_fuAp¡dp„ L$p¡Z ¼ep„ L$ep lp¡Øp `f b¡ki¡ s¡ rhv¡$i\u _½$u \pe R>¡. cpfs_p„ QQp¡®dp„ V$p¡Q_u r_dZ|L$p¡ `p¡` Üpfp \pe R>¡. QQ®_y„ k„Qpg_ A¡riep A_¡ cpfs_y„ rÀõsuL$fZ L$fu _pMhp_p L$kd Mp_pf `p¡` Üpfp A¡L$õV²$p-V¡$f¡[õV$eg `phf \L$u \pe R>¡.

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?