huApB`uAp¡_p M|_u c`L$p

rdÓ_¡ dp¡L$gp¡

`ÃQuk-Óuk NpX$uAp¡_p L$pagp¡ gC_¡ _uL$msp Ap`Zp huApB`uAp¡ d_¡ c|fp„V$p \C_¡ _uL$m¡gp `pX$p-ApMgp S>¡hp gpN¡ R>¡. ApMgp¡ _kL$p¡fp„ aw„Nfphu_¡ v$p¡V$ d|L¡$ A¡V$g¡ gp¡L$p¡ qQqQepfu L$fu_¡ A¡L$ L$p¡f \C Åe A_¡ fõsp¡ kpa \C Åe. Ap`Zp huApB`uAp¡_u L$p¡Þhp¡e _uL$m¡ Ðepf¡ `p¡gukhpmp gp¡L$p¡ A_¡ hpl_QpgL$p¡_¡ v„$X$p dpfu_¡ fõsp_u A¡L$ bpSy> Ecp fpMu v¡$ R>¡ A_¡ gp¡L$p¡ Æh L$L$mphu_¡ Ecp flu Åe R>¡.

`p¡sp_p¡ Æh ApV$gp¡ b^p¡ hlpgp¡ lp¡e sp¡ ip dpV¡$ _¡spAp¡ fpS>L$pfZdp„ Aph¡ R>¡? Of¡ S> b¡ku fl¡sp lp¡e sp¡? kgpdsu_p _pd¡ huApB`u_u S>¡ ìehõ\p Np¡W$hhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ s¡ lpX$p¡lpX$ _pNqfL$p¡_¡ AÞepeu R>¡. fõsp `f _pNqfL$p¡_p¡e >Ar^L$pf R>¡. huApB`u_¡ Dsphm lp¡e R>¡ sp¡ fplv$pfu_¡ `Z L$pd_p õ\m¡ `lp¢Qhp_u Dsphm lp¡e R>¡. L$p¡C v$uL$fp_¡ õL|$g¡ g¡hp S>sp¡ lp¡e R>¡ L¡$ L$p¡C `p¡sp_p õhS>_ dpV¡$ gp¡lu_u bp¡V$g gC_¡ S>gv$u\u lp¡[õ`V$g¡ `lp¢Qhp _uL$þep¡ lp¡e R>¡. huApB`u_p L$pagp dpV¡$ fõsp¡ b„^ \C Åe A_¡ s¡ ìe[¼s kdekf lp¡[õ`V$g¡ _ `lp¢Q¡ A_¡ õhS>__y„ Ahkp_ \pe sp¡ s¡_y„ `p` L$p¡_p dp\¡?

L$v$pQ `p¡gukhpmp¡ v$ep MpC_¡ Aphu ìe[¼s_¡ S>hp `Z v¡$ sp¡e lp¡[õ`V$g¡ s¡_p õhS>__¡ kpfhpf _ dm¡ A¡hy„ b_¡. L¡$d L¡$ il¡fdp„ huApB`u rhrTV¡$ Apìep lp¡e Ðepf¡ BdfS>Þku Ap¡`f¡i_ r\e¡V$f A_¡ kS>®_p¡_u g„Npf_¡ MX¡$ `N¡ fpMhp_p¡ rifõsp¡ R>¡. Ap k„Å¡Np¡dp„ sd¡ sdpfp k„sp__¡ gC_¡ lp¡[õ`V$g `lp¢Qip¡ A_¡ s¡ Æh_dfZ hÃQ¡ Tp¡gp„ Mpsy„ li¡ sp¡e s¡_¡ kpfhpf _l] dm¡. Ap L$ë`_p _\u, Adv$phpv$dp„ NC L$pg¡ b_u Ne¡gu OV$_p R>¡.

N©l â^p_ A¡g. L¡$. AX$hpZu (Dv¹$OpV$_v$uhp_p) A¡rgkqb°S> (lh¡ rhh¡L$p_„v$ qb°S>)_¡ `lp¡mp¡ L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡ s¡_y„ Dv¹$OpV$_ L$fhp Apìep lsp. s¡ D`fp„s khpf_p kde¡ L$V$p¡L$V$u hMs¡ qdkpdp„ `L$X$pe¡gp gp¡L$p¡_p kÞdp__p¡ L$pe®¾$d `Z lsp¡. A¡V$g¡ rkrhg lp¡[õ`V$g_y„ BdfS>Þku Ap¡`f¡i_ r\e¡V$f A_pds fpMu v¡$hpey„ lsy„. ÓZ v$fv$uAp¡ khpf_p ApW$ hpÁep\u lp¡[õ`V$gdp„ Aphu Nep lsp, `Z X$p¡¼V$fp¡A¡ s¡d_¡ v$v®$dp„ S> kbX$sp„ fpMu v$u^p. s¡dp„ A¡L$ A¡L$huk hj®_u eyhsu_u lpgs sp¡ blz S> Mfpb lsu. Np„^u_Nf _ÆL$ A¡L$ Æ`_¡ AL$õdps \sp„ s¡_p¡ `N cp„Nu Nep¡ lsp¡. b`p¡f¡ ÓZ hpÁe¡ s¡_¡ lp¡[õ`V$gdp„ gphhpdp„ Aphu A_¡ BdfS>Þku hp¡X®$dp„ v$pMg L$fhpdp„ Aphu. s¡_p `N_y„ spÐL$prgL$ Ap¡`f¡i_ L$fhy„ `X¡$ s¡d lsy„, `Z BdfS>Þku Ap¡`f¡i_ r\e¡V$f huApB`u dpV¡$ A_pds lsy„ A¡V$g¡ kbX$p¡ sdsdpf¡. buSy>„ kpvy„$ Ap¡`f¡i_ r\e¡V$f Mpgu lsy„, `Z Ðep„ Ap¡`f¡i_ \pe s¡hu kNhX$ _lp¡su.

fps_p v$k hpÁep ky^u Ap v$v$}Ap¡ `uX$psp füp. eyhsu_p r`sp âhuZcpC L$l¡ R>¡, "X$p¡¼V$fp¡_¡ L¡$V$gue rh_„suAp¡ L$fu, `Z Adpfy„ L$p¡Z kp„cm¡.' Nfub S>_sp_y„ L$p¡C kp„cmsy„ _\u. cpfs_p fpS>L$pfZuAp¡_p Ap c`L$p A¡L$ qv$hk s¡d_¡ cpf¡ `X$u S>hp_p R>¡.

A¡rgkqb°S>_p A¡ S>dp_p_p A¡[ÞS>r_ef_u hps
gpL$qX$ep `yg sfuL¡$ ÅZusp¡ Adv$phpv$_p¡ A¡rgkqb°S> kpbfdsu `f_p¡ kp¥\u S|>_p¡ `yg R>¡. gp¡M„X$_p¡ b_¡gp¡ Ap `yg Adv$phpv$_p Brslpk_p cpNê$` R>¡. Ap `yg b„^pep `R>u S> _v$u`pf_y„ Adv$phpv$ rhL$õey„. Adv$phpv$_p qL$ëgp_u õ\p`_p kp\¡ S>¡_u v„$sL$\p Å¡X$pe¡gu R>¡ A¡ dpZ¡L$ byfS> `pk¡ S> Ap qb°S> bÞep¡ lsp¡. lh¡ s¡_u bÞ_¡ sfa b¡ Ap^yr_L$ qb°S> s¥epf \C Nep R>¡. hÃQ¡ d|m A¡rgkqb°S>_¡ A¡d S> kpQhu fMpep¡ R>¡. Al] lh¡ Ap¡`_ ApV®$ N¡g¡fu L$fhp dpV¡$_y„ k|Q_ R>¡.

A¡rgkqb°S>_p Dv¹$OpV$_ `pR>m 17 gpM ê$r`ep_p¡ MQ® L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡. \p¡X$p hMs `R>u Q|„V$Zu Aphu flu R>¡ A¡V$g¡ dlp`prgL$p_p¡ ipkL$ `n cpS>` `yg_p¡ S>i MpV$u S>hp dpNsp¡ lsp¡. Dsphm¡ Dv¹$OpV$_ Np¡W$hu v¡$hpey„. A¡L$ sfa_p¡ `yg lÆ `|fp¡ bÞep¡ `Z _\u. buSy>„, ApS>_p ipkL$p¡_y„ dp_k L¡$hy„ R>¡ A¡_p¡ A¡L$ bpbs `f\u ¿epg Aphi¡. `yg_p¡ `p„Q L$fp¡X$ ê$r`ep_p¡ A¡L$ qv$hk dpV¡$_p¡ hudp¡ `Z Dspfhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. fM¡_¡ gp¡L$p¡ A¡L$kp\¡ A¡L$W$p„ \C Åe A_¡ `yg s|V$u `X¡$ sp¡? gp„Q MpC_¡ kfL$pfu L$pd L$fpìep„ li¡ L¡$ L¡$d L$pd L$pQy„ flu Nep_p¡ ce Apdp„ v¡$MpC Aph¡ R>¡.

1892dp„ d|m A¡qgkqb°S> b_phhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. s¡ A¡V$gp¡ dS>b|s R>¡ L¡$ ApS>¡ `Z AX$uMd R>¡. s¡ hMs¡ `yg_p bp„^L$pd_u `|fu S>hpbv$pfu tldsgpg ^ufS>gpg _pd_p A¡[ÞS>r_ef_¡ kp¢`hpdp„ Aph¡gu lsu. s¡dZ¡ Ås¡ v¡$Mf¡M fpMu_¡ bfpbf L$pd \pe R>¡ s¡_y„ Ýep_ fp¿ey„ lsy„. A¡V$gy„ S> _l], Mp¡V$p¡ MQ® `Z _lp¡sp¡ \hp v$u^p¡. ApS>\u kp¡ hj® `l¡gp„ R> gpM_p MQ®_p¡ A„v$pS> dp„X$hpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡, `Z tldsgpg¡ s¡dp„\u v$p¡Y$ gpM ê$r`ep bQpìep lsp. v$p¡Y$ gpM ê$r`ep s¡dZ¡ Adv$phpv$ ky^fpC_u qsÅ¡fudp„ `pR>p S>dp L$fpìep. A¡ bv$g dy„bC_p Nh_®f¡ s¡d_¡ fphblpvy$f_p¡ BgL$pb `Z Apàep¡ lsp¡.

_l¡fyqb°S> L$p¡_p hp„L¡$ d|m S>ÁepA¡\u Mk¡X$u_¡ buS>¡ b_phpep¡?
hjp£ S>sp„ Nep„ s¡d kpbfdsu sp¡ kyL$psu NC R>¡, `Z s¡_p `f qb°S>_u k„¿ep h^su flu R>¡. 1892dp„ A¡qgkqb°S> bÞep¡ A¡ `R>u Adv$phpv$ rhL$õey„. ApTpv$u `R>u A¡L$ `lp¡mp¡ qb°S> bp„^hp_y„ _½$u \ey„ lsy„. s¡ fus¡ 1956dp„ lpg_p¡ _l¡fy qb°S> bÞep¡. AÐepf ky^u s¡ S> kp¥\u `lp¡mp¡ A_¡ cuX$hpmp¡ qb°S> lsp¡. `Z lh¡ sp¡ kfv$pf qb°S> A_¡ Np„^u qb°S> `Z X$bg `lp¡mp L$fu v¡$hpep R>¡ A_¡ A¡rgkqb°S>_u Apk`pk b¡ _hp qb°S> b_u Nep.

_l¡fyqb°S> Esfu_¡ sd¡ S|>_p il¡fdp„ v$pMg \pAp¡ A¡V$g¡ V²$pqaL$ Åd S> lp¡e. sdpf¡ il¡fdp„ v$pMg \hp dpV¡$ ApNm S>C_¡ L$p„ sp¡ X$pb¡ hmhy„ `X¡$ A\hp sp¡ S>dZ¡. qb°S> b_phsu hMs¡ kpdp¡ fõsp¡ L$_¡¼V$ \pe A¡hy„ Apep¡S>_ L¡$d _l] \ey„ lp¡e A¡hp¡ khpg L$p¡C_¡ _l] \sp¡ lp¡e, `Z khpg \hp S>¡hp¡ R>¡. A¡L$ byTyN®_p S>Zpìep âdpZ¡ _l¡fyqb°S> AÐepf¡ R>¡ s¡_p\u 100 duV$f `|h® sfa b_hp_p¡ lsp¡. `Z s¡ fus¡ qb°S> b_¡ sp¡ A¡ S>dp_p_u ÅZusu ìe[¼s A_¡ dlpS>__u$ S>du_ L$`pZdp„ S>su lsu. A¡V$g¡ v$bpZ gphu_¡ qb°S>_u S>Áep Mk¡X$hpdp„ Aphu. _l¡fyqb°S> Å¡ d|m S>ÁepA¡ bÞep¡ lp¡s sp¡ qfrga fp¡X$ ku^p¡ S> _l¡fyqb°S>_¡ dms A_¡ kpd¡_u bpSy> Np„^uNpd õV¡$i_¡ S>hp_p¡ fõsp¡ lp¡s.

`f„sy A¡L$ ìe[¼s_u S>du_ bQphhp qb°S>_y„ õ\m bv$gpey„ A_¡ ApS>¡ qfrga fp¡X$\u _l¡fyqb°S> `f Aphhp Q½$f dpfhy„ `X¡$ R>¡. kpd¡ R>¡X¡$ AÐepf¡ Qu_ycpC V$phk® Ecp¡ R>¡ S>¡_u bpSy>dp„ qb°S> b_¡gp¡ lp¡s. A¡V$g¡ s¡ S>dp_pdp„ b^p S> gp¡L$p¡ tldsgpg A¡[ÞS>r_ef S>¡hp âpdprZL$ lsp A¡hy„ `Z _lp¡sy„. s¡ hMs¡ `Z fpS>L$pfZuAp¡ ApS>_u S>¡d S> `p¡sp_u S>du_ bQphhp V$pD_ àgpt_N_u õL$ud a¡fhsp lsp. buÅ L$p¡C `yfphp_u S>ê$f _\u. Ap`Zp„ il¡fp¡ S>¡ fus¡ ApX¡$^X$ rhL$õep„ R>¡ s¡ S> L$lu Ap`¡ R>¡ L¡$ V$pD_ àgpt_Ndp„ L¡$hp dkdp¡V$p Np¡V$pmp Qpg¡ R>¡.

ANpD_p g¡Mp¡
Adv$phpv$ dlp`prgL$pdp„ c°ô$pQpf_u dp¡kd M|gu R>¡
L¡$bghpmp_u Ny„X$pNufu_¡ V¡$¼_p¡gp¡Æ S> dlps L$fi¡
kprlÐedp„ `Z âp„shpv$?
ipbpi : M¡X|$sp¡ Qugp¡ Qpsf¡ R>¡
L$p„L$qfep smphdp„ bp¡çb, A¡L$ L|$sfp_p Æh_u qL„$ds A_¡ L|$sfp S>¡hu Ap`Zu lpgs
AtlkphpmpAp¡ sp¡ Nuf_p tklp¡_¡ c|¿ep dpf¡
NyS>fps kfL$pfdp„ v¡$f `Z R>¡, A„^¡f `Z
`pZu_u s„Nu dpV¡$ kfL$pf S> v$p¡ju
vy$L$pm_¡ L$pfZ¡ OZp_¡ fpls \C Åe R>¡
`pZufdMpZ lh¡ fp¡S>_u fpdpeZ
drlgpAp¡ gp„Q _ g¡?
`pZu_u `pB`gpB_\u d|fTpC Ne¡gp„ h©np¡
NyS>fpsu qaëdp¡_¡ A¡hp¡X®$ A`pC Nep, gp¡ bp¡gp¡

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?