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rdÓ_¡ dp¡L$gp¡
Äepf¡ L$p¡C ìe[¼s_¡ kgpl Ap`uA¡ L¡$ gugu cpÆ h^pf¡ Mphu Ðepf¡ dp¡V$p cpN_u ìe[¼sAp¡_p¡ S>hpb lp¡e R>¡ L¡$ ipL$cpÆ sp¡ Ad¡ M|b MpCA¡ R>uA¡. `R>u âï_ `|R>hpdp„ Aph¡ L¡$ ipL$ h^pf¡ MpAp¡ R>p¡ L¡$ cpÆ ? sp¡ S>hpb dm¡ ipL$ A_¡ A¡ `Z s¡g\u g\b\ \e¡gy„ ! dp¡V$p cpN_p il¡fuS>_p¡ ipL$cpÆ_p¡ A\® fp„^¡gy„ ipL$ A¡hp¡ S> L$fsp lp¡e R>¡. lL$uL$sdp„ ipL$ L$fsp„ cpÆ h^y Mphp_u S>ê$f R>¡, S>¡ cygpC Åe R>¡. L¡$V$gp„e gp¡L$p¡ ^prd®L$ dpÞesp_¡ L$pfZ¡ cpÆ Mphp\u h„rQs flu Åe R>¡ A_¡ `R>u gp¡lu_u qa½$pi, lpX$L$p„ _bmp„ `X$hp„, Ap„M _bmu `X$hu hN¡f¡ sL$guap¡ kl_ L$ep® L$f¡ R>¡.

gugp„ `Ñp„hpmu cpÆAp¡ rhV$prd_ A_¡ Mr_S>sÒhp¡_p¡ MÅ_p¡ R>¡. B[ÞX$e_ L$pD[Þkg Ap¸a d¡qX$L$g qfkQ®_p h¥opr_L$p¡_p ds¡ v$f¡L$ cpfsue¡ fp¡S> kp¡ N°pd gugp„ `Ñp„hpmu cpÆAp¡ Mphu S>ê$fu R>¡. `pgM, sp„v$mÅ¡, d¡\u, ^pZp, ANpr\ep¡, fpe, azv$u_p¡, kfNhp¡, Amhu, _pNfh¡g, gudX$p¡ (duW$p¡) hN¡f¡_p„ `Ñp„Ap¡ kpdpÞe h`fpidp„ g¡hpe R>¡. Ap D`fp„s L$p¡bu, NpS>f_p„ `p_, ãgphf_p„ `p_, d|mp_p„ `p_, buV$_u cpÆ, Qp¡fpm_u cpÆ, Akprmep_u cpÆ, L$p¡hpqfep_u cpÆ, Qug_u cpÆ, QZp_p„ `p_ hN¡f¡ A_¡L$ âL$pf_u cpÆ Mphp_p D`ep¡Ndp„ gC iL$pe R>¡.

gugu spÆ cpÆdp„ Apif¡ 80-90 V$L$p S>¡V$gy„ sp¡ `pZu lp¡e R>¡. Å¡ cpÆ_p„ `Ñp„ k|L$p„ lp¡e sp¡ A¡dp„\u L$W$p¡m S>¡V$gy„ âp¡V$u_ dm¡ R>¡. (gugp„ `Ñp„dp„ v$f kp¡ N°pd¡ Apif¡ 4 N°pd S>¡V$gy„ âp¡V$u_ lp¡e R>¡). `f„sy cpÆ_p¡ kp¥\u dp¡¡V$p¡ NyZ sp¡ A¡dp„ fl¡gp„ rhV$prd_ A_¡ Mr_S>sÒhp¡_p¡ MÅ_p¡ S> R>¡. Ap D`fp„s, cpÆdp„ kpfp„ A¡hp„ âdpZdp„ f¡kp lp¡e R>¡. kf¡fpi v$f kp¡ N°pd cpÆdp„\u Apif¡ Qpf N°pd f¡kp dm¡ R>¡.

`pgM, sp„v$mÅ¡ A_¡ AçbpX$u_u cpÆdp„ Ap¸L¹$T¡rgL$ A¸rkX$_y„ âdpZ h^pf¡ lp¡e R>¡ S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ L¸$rëied Ap¸L¹$T¡g¡V$\u b_su d|Ót`X$_u `\fudp„ Ap cpÆ Mphp_y„ V$pmhy„ `X¡$ R>¡.

gugp„ `Ñp„hpmu cpÆ Mphp\u rhV$prd_p¡ A_¡ npfsÒhp¡ h^y dm¡ R>¡. `f„sy Å¡ Ap rhV$prd_ A_¡ npfsÒhp¡_p¡ `|fp¡ gpc d¡mhhp¡ lp¡e sp¡ cpÆ Mpsu hMs¡ ApV$gu sL¡$v$pfu S>ê$fu R>¡ : (1) gugu cpÆ_¡ `l¡gp ^|Ap¡ A_¡ `R>u L$p`p¡. Å¡ L$pàep `R>u cpÆ_¡ ^p¡hpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡ A¡dp„\u rhV$prd_ A_¡ npfsÒhp¡ Ap¡R>p„ \C Åe R>¡. (2) TuZp Vy$L$X$p_¡ bv$g¡ dp¡V$p Vy$L$X$pdp„ L$p`p¡. S>¡V$gp dp¡V$p Vy$L$X$p L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ A¡V$gu A„v$f_u (L$`pe¡gu) k`pV$u hpsphfZ_p k„`L®$dp„ Aphsu AV$L¡$ R>¡. `qfZpd¡ rhV$prd_ OV$sp„ AV$L¡$ R>¡. (3) cpÆ_¡ `pZudp„ `gpmu _ fpMp¡. _m_p Qpgy `pZudp„ S> cpÆ_¡ ^|Ap¡. cpÆ `gpmu fpMhp\u A¡dp„ fl¡g `pZuÖpìe rhV$prd_p¡ OV$u Åe R>¡. Å¡ `gpmhy„ Ar_hpe® lp¡e sp¡ A¡ `pZu_p¡ AÞe fkp¡Cdp„ D`ep¡N L$fu gp¡, S>¡\u Mp¡fpL$dp„ rhV$prd_hpmy„ `pZu Åe. (4) cpÆ_¡ Ap¡R>p `pZu A_¡ Ap¡R>p sp`¡ fp„^p¡ : Y$p„L$Z b„^ L$fu_¡ Ap¡R>p sp`¡ fp„^hp\u cpÆ_u kp¡X$d A_¡ `p¡jL$ sÒhp¡ S>mhpC fl¡ R>¡. â¡if L|$L$f\u fp„^hp_y„ kp¥\u DÑd R>¡. (5) L$pQu Mphp dpV¡$ cpÆ Mphp_u \p¡X$uL$ rdr_V$p¡ `l¡gp„ S> L$p`p¡. gp„bp¡ kde L$p`u_¡ `X$u fl¡hp\u A¡_u spS>Nu A_¡ rhV$prd_p¡ _pi `pd¡ R>¡. (6) cpÆ_¡ gp„bp¡ kde k„Ofhp dpV¡$ W„$X$p hpsphfZdp„ fpMp¡. qäS> lp¡e sp¡ cpÆ_¡ qäS>dp„ S> fpMhu. qäS>_u A„v$f `Z Å¡ àgp[õV$L$_u L$pZp„hpmu \¡gudp„ cpÆ d|L$hpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡ h^y gp„bp¡ kde kQhpC fl¡ R>¡. qäS> _ lp¡e sp¡ dpV$gpdp„ cu_u f¡su cfu_¡ D`f cpÆ fpMu d|L$hu Å¡CA¡. \p¡X$u \p¡X$u hpf¡ `pZu R>p„V$u_¡ cpÆ s\p f¡su cu_u fpMhu Å¡CA¡.

gugu cpÆdp„\u dmsp„ rhV$prd_p¡ :
(1) rhV$prd_ "A¡' (buV$p L¸$fp¡qV$_) : Ap„Mp¡_p s¡S> dpV¡$ rhV$prd_ "A¡' AÐe„s AphíeL$ R>¡. gugu cpÆAp¡dp„ buV$p-L¸$fp¡qV$_ _pd_y„ rhV$prd_ "A¡' b_phsy„ fkpeZ `yóL$m âdpZdp„ lp¡e R>¡. cpÆ_p¡ f„N S>¡V$gp¡ h^y gugp¡ lp¡e A¡V$gp h^y âdpZdp„ buV$p L¸$fp¡qV$_ lp¡e R>¡. kf¡fpi v$f kp¡ N°pd cpÆA¡ Apif¡ 4000 dpC¾$p¡N°pd buV$p L¸$fp¡qV$_ lp¡e R>¡. (`y¿s dpZk_¡ fp¡S> Apif¡ 2400 dpB¾$p¡N°pd buV$p L¸$fp¡qV$__u S>ê$f lp¡e R>¡.) kfNhp_p„ `p_, ANpr\ep¡, sp„v$mÅ¡ A_¡ L$p¡\dufdp„ kp¥\u h^y buV$p L¸$fp¡qV$_ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap„Mp¡_y„ s¡S> Åmhhp D`fp„s L¸$Þkf \hp_u i¼esp `Z cpÆdp„ fl¡gp buV$p L¸$fp¡qV$_\u OV¡$ R>¡.

(2) rhV$prd_ bu-L$p¸çàg¡L¹$k : Sy>v$p„ Sy>v$p„ A_¡L$ rhV$prd__p¡ bu-L$p¸çàg¡L$¹kdp„ kdph¡i \pe R>¡, S>¡ b^p„ Ap¡R>p„-hÑp„ âdpZdp„ cpÆdp„ lp¡e R>¡. Ap S|>\ `¥L$u fpBbp¡ãg¡rh_ _pd_y„ rhV$prd_ cpÆAp¡dp„ kp¥\u h^y âdpZdp„ lp¡e R>¡. v$f kp¡ N°pd cpÆdp„ 0.25 rd.N°p. fpBbp¡ãg¡rh_ lp¡e R>¡. (fp¡S> 1.5 rd.N°p. fpBbp¡ãg¡rh_ Mp¡fpL$dp„ g¡hy„ Å¡CA¡.) Ap D`fp„s ap¡rgL$ A¸rkX$, _pBrk_, \peprd_ hN¡f¡ `Z gugu cpÆdp„\u dm¡ R>¡.

(3) rhV$prd_ "ku' : A¸õL$p¡rb®L$ A¸rkX$_p fpkperZL$ _pd\u Ap¡mMpsy„ rhV$prd_ "ku' Op fyTphpdp„ A_¡ gp¡lsÒh_p `pQ_dp„ ANÐe_p¡ apmp¡ Ap`¡ R>¡. MpV$p„ amp¡ A_¡ gugu cpÆdp„ rhV$prd_ "ku' h^y lp¡e R>¡ A_¡ Ap dpV¡$ cpÆ am L$fsp„ kõsu `X¡$ R>¡. kf¡fpi kp¡ N°pd cpÆdp„ 66 rd.N°p. rhV$prd_ "ku' Aph¡ R>¡. (fp¡S> Apif¡ 40 rd.N°p. rhV$prd_ "ku' _u S>ê$f `y¿s dpZk_¡ lp¡e R>¡.)

(4) rhV$prd_ "L¡$' : dp¡V$p cpN_u ìe[¼sAp¡dp„ Ap„sfX$p„dp„ fl¡gp b¸L¹$V¡$qfep S>¡ s¡ ìe[¼s_¡ rhV$prd_ "L¡$' `|fy„ `pX¡$ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ kpdpÞe fus¡ Ap rhV$prd__u EZ` ifufdp„ v¡$Mpsu _\u. `f„sy Å¡ gp„bp kde ky^u A¸[ÞV$bpep¡qV$L$ v$hp gu^u lp¡e sp¡ A¡hp k„Å¡Np¡dp„ Mp¡fpL$dp„ rhV$prd_ "L¡$' _u S>ê$f `X¡$ R>¡. cpÆAp¡dp„ v$f kp¡ N°pd¡ Apif¡ 200 dpB¾$p¡N°pd rhV$prd_ "L¡$' fl¡gy„ lp¡e R>¡.

gugu cpÆdp„\u dmsp„ Mr_S> (npf) sÒhp¡ :
(1) gp¡lsÒh : gp¡lu b_phhp A_¡ dp_rkL$-ipfuqfL$ rhL$pk dpV¡$ gp¡lsÒh M|b S>ê$fu R>¡. cpÆ A¡ gp¡lsÒh_p¡ ANÐe_p¡ öp¡s R>¡. v$f kp¡ N°pd¡ kf¡fpi `p„Q rd.N°p. gp¡lsÒh cpÆdp„\u dm¡ R>¡. ãgphf_p„ `p_, kfNhp_p„ `p_, Qp¡mpC_u cpÆ, d|mp_u cpÆ, kyhp_u cpÆ, buV$_u cpÆ, azv$u_p¡ hN¡f¡dp„ v$f kp¡ N°pd¡ `„v$f rd.N°p.\u h^y gp¡lsÒh dm¡ R>¡. (v¥$r_L$ S>ê$qfeps - 30 rd.N°p._u lp¡e R>¡.)

(2) L¸$[ëied : lpX$L$p„ dS>b|s b_phhp„ A_¡ ågX$â¡if_¡ L$pb|dp„ fpMhp dpV¡$ `|fsp„ âdpZdp„ L¸$[ëied g¡hy„ S>ê$fu R>¡. s„vy$fõs fl¡hp„ fp¡S> Apif¡ 400 rd.N°p. L¸$[ëied Mp¡fpL$dp„ lp¡hy„ Å¡CA¡. kp¡ N°pd gugu cpÆdp„ kf¡fpi 300 rd.N°p. L¸$[ëied lp¡e R>¡.

(3) `p¡V¡$ried : ifufdp„ npf_y„ k„syg_ Åmhu fpMhp s\p bu.`u._¡ L$pb|dp„ fpMhp dpV¡$ `p¡V¡$ried ANÐe_p¡ apmp¡ Ap`¡ R>¡. gugu cpÆ `p¡V¡$ried_p¡ M|b kpfp¡ öp¡s R>¡. kp¡ N°pd cpÆdp„ 100 \u 200 rd.N°p. `p¡V¡$ried lp¡e R>¡.

gugu cpÆdp„ fl¡gp f¡kp :
Mp¡fpL$dp„ Aph¡gp f¡kp `pQ_dp„, `¡V$ kpa gphhpdp„ A_¡ X$peprbV$uk-L$p¡g¡õV¡$fp¡g_¡ L$pb|dp„ fpMhpdp„ ANÐe_p¡ apmp¡ Ap`¡ R>¡. f¡kpey¼s Mp¡fpL$ Mphp\u L$brS>eps A_¡ S>W$f-Ap„sfX$p„_p L¸$Þkf_u i¼esp OV¡$ R>¡. cpÆAp¡dp„ v$f kp¡ N°pd¡ Qpf N°pd Ly$g f¡kp A_¡ 1.2 N°pd Öìe f¡kp lp¡e R>¡. Öìe f¡kp\u gp¡ludp„ kpL$f A_¡ L$p¡g¡õV¡$fp¡g h^sy„ AV$L$phu iL$pe R>¡.

gugu cpÆ_p„ AÞe sÒhp¡ :
Ap D`fp„s gugu cpÆdp„ AÞe A¸[ÞV$Ap¸L¹$rkX$ÞV¹$k A_¡ Apëap rg_p¡g¡r_L$ A¸rkX$ lp¡e R>¡, S>¡ ùv$efp¡N A_¡ L¸$Þkf kpd¡ fnZ Ap`hp_y„ ANÐe_y„ L$pd L$f¡ R>¡. v$f kp¡ N°pd cpÆdp„ kf¡fpi 220 rd.N°p. Apëap-rg_p¡g¡r_L$ A¸rkX$ lp¡e R>¡. cpÆAp¡dp„ fl¡g a¹g¡hp¡_p¡BX¹$k A_¡ AÞe apBV$p¡L¸$rdL$ëk A¸[ÞV$Ap¡L¹$rkX$ÞV$ sfuL¡$ L$pd L$f¡ R>¡, S>¡ ifuf_¡ Sy>v$uSy>v$u fpkperZL$ âq¾$ep\u (Ap¸L¹$rkX¡$i_\u) ifuf_p L$p¡jp¡_¡ \sp„ _yL$kp_ kpd¡ fnZ Ap`¡ R>¡.

fp¡S>¡fp¡S> kp¡ N°pd S>¡V$gu cpÆ Mphp_u V¡$h `pX$hu M|b S>ê$fu R>¡. epv$ fpMp¡ ""S>¡ Mpe cpÆ A¡_u srbes spÆ.''

cpÆdp„ fl¡gp„ `p¡jL$ sÒhp¡

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?


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