Å¡X$pnfp¡_u kQp¡V$
kdS>Z Ap`sp¡ N°„\

NyS>fpsu cpjpdp„ A¡L$ sfa úõh B A_¡ v$uO® E_¡ rgr`dp„\u rsgp„S>rg Ap`hp_u Ty„b¡i Qpgu flu R>¡ sp¡ buÆ bpSy> Å¡X$pnfp¡_u bpbsdp„ âhs®sp N|„QhpX$p A_¡ õh¡ÃR>pQpf_¡ fp¡L$hp dpV¡$ dyr_îu rlsrhS>eÆ S>¡hp S>¥_ kp^y cpf¡ `yfyjp\® L$fu füp R>¡. s¡dZ¡ gM¡gy„ "Å¡X$pnf qhQpf' _pd_y„ `yõsL$ kpQu Å¡X$Zu_p v$f¡L$ ApN°luA¡ hp„Qhp A_¡ hkphhp S>¡hy„ R>¡. rgr` iuMhp_u bpbsdp„ kp¥\u AOfu L$p¡C bpbs lp¡e sp¡ s¡ Å¡X$pnfp¡_u R>¡. dyr_îu rlsrhS>eÆA¡ `p¡sp_p `yõsL$dp„ Aphp AOfp rhje_u kfm A_¡ fkâv$ R>ZphV$ L$fu R>¡. `yõsL$_p âpf„cdp„ S> Å¡X$pnfp¡_u A_y¾$drZL$p Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡, S>¡_p `f\u ¿epg Aph¡ R>¡ L¡$ NyS>fpsu rgr`dp„ `Qpk S>¡V$gp Å¡X$pnfp¡ R>¡. A¡L$ S> "v¹$' ìe„S>_ hX¡$ Ly$g v$k Å¡X$pnf b_¡ R>¡, S>¡ _uQ¡ dyS>b R>¡.

rh[ïgô$ A¡V$g¡ R|>V$u Ahõ\pdp„ fl¡gp Å¡X$pnfp¡.

rh[ïgô$
Ahõ\p    Å¡X$pnf    Dv$plfZ
v¹$ + N          •              D•d
v¹$ + O          v¹$O            D`p¡v¹$Ops
v¹$ + v$          Ø               lp¡Øp¡
v¹$ + F>         ×               ×íe
v¹$ + ^          Ù              iyÙ
v¹$ + c         ˜              D˜h
v¹$ + d          Ú              `Ú
v¹$ + e          Û              rhÛp
v¹$ + h          Ü              Üpf
v¹$ + f           Ö              r_Öp

"Å¡X$pnf rhQpf' N°„\ hp„Qu_¡ ¿epg Aph¡ R>¡ L¡$ Û A_¡ Ýe ip dpV¡$ AgN AgN Å¡X$pnf R>¡. Û Å¡X$pnf v¹$ + e_p k„ep¡S>_\u b_¡ R>¡, Äepf¡ Ýe Å¡X$pnf ^¹ + e_p k„ep¡S>_\u b_¡ R>¡. dpV¡$ rhÛp A¡ kpQu Å¡X$Zu R>¡ A_¡ rhÝep A¡ Mp¡V$u Å¡X$Zu R>¡. s¡hu S> fus¡ ApfpÝe kpQu Å¡X$Zu R>¡ A_¡ ApfpÛ Mp¡V$u Å¡X$Zu R>¡. O¹ + e_p k„ep¡S>_\u b_sp Âe A_¡ ^¹ + e_p k„ep¡S>_\u b_sp Ýedp„ `Z NfbX$ \hp k„ch R>¡. AÂe® A¡ kpQu Å¡X$Zu R>¡, Äepf¡ AÝe® Mp¡V$u Å¡X$Zu R>¡.

× A_¡ Ö bÞ_¡ A¡L$buÅ\u kv„$sf rcÞ_ Å¡X$pnf R>¡, `Z Ap bÞ_¡_p¡ c¡v$ _ `pfM_pfpAp¡ Å¡X$Zudp„ sp¡ W$uL$, DÃQpfdp„ `Z gp¡Qp dpf¡ R>¡. v¹$+F>_p k„ep¡S>_\u × b_¡ R>¡ Äepf¡ v¹$+f_p k„ep¡S>_\u Ö b_¡ R>¡. OZp gp¡L$p¡ ×íe, ×rô$ A_¡ ×ô$p„s_¡ bv$g¡ Öíe, Örô$ A_¡ Öô$p„s gM¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p¡ DÃQpf `Z A¡ dyS>b S> L$f¡ R>¡. Aphu S> NfbX$ î© (i¹+F>) A_¡ îy (i¹ + f + D) bpbsdp„ Qpg¡ R>¡.

"Å¡X$pnf rhQpf' N°„\_u âõsph_pdp„ âp. frsgpg kp„. _peL$ gM¡ R>¡ L¡$, "îu l¡dQÞÖpQpe®_p¡ rkÙl¡dìepL$fZ' N°„\ S|>_u NyS>fpsu_¡ dm¡gu Ad|ëe v¡$ZNu kdp_ lsp¡, sp¡ buÅ Ap^yr_L$ S>¥_ dyr__p¡ rgr` A„N¡ k|ÿd rhQpfZphpmp¡ Ap N°„\ Ahp®Qu_ NyS>fpsu dpV¡$ A¡V$gp¡ S> blzd|ëe R>¡.'

L$ÃR>_y„ kskhufu hkqs`ÓL$

L$p¡C `Z oprs_u âNrsdp„ A_¡ kq¾$espdp„ s¡_p hkqs`ÓL$_p¡ apmp¡ M|b dp¡V$p¡ lp¡e R>¡. hkrs`ÓL$ Üpfp il¡fdp„ hksp oprsb„^yAp¡_p„ dpÓ _pd-kf_pdp„ S> _\u dmsp„, `Z s¡d_p _p¡L$fu^„^p_u rhNsp¡ A_¡ `fZphhpgpeL$ k„sp_p¡_u rhNsp¡ `Z Apkp_u\u dmu Åe R>¡. Ap L$pfZ¡ S> NyS>fps A\hp L$ÃR>dp„ Aph¡gy„ `p¡sp_y„ hs_ R>p¡X$u_¡ dy„bC il¡fdp„ õ\peu \e¡gu dp¡V$p cpN_u oprsAp¡ r_erds fus¡ `p¡sp_p„ hkrs`ÓL$p¡ blpf `pX¡$ R>¡. Ap b^p„ S> hkrs`ÓL$p¡_¡ V$`u Åe s¡hy„ hkrs`ÓL$ L$ÃR>-hpNX$_u hukp Ap¡ihpm oprs_p d|m gpL$qX$ep-rihgMp Npd_p fl¡hpkuAp¡A¡ blpf `pX$éy„ R>¡. Ap hkrs`ÓL$_u rhi¡jsp A¡ R>¡ L¡$ s¡dp„ 17 _yM A_¡ 3,076 Ly$Vy„$bp¡_u dprlsu `qfhpfS>_p¡_u skhuf kp\¡ Ap`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

kdN° hpNX$ n¡Ódp„ gpL$qX$ep kp¥\u dp¡V„y Npd NZpe R>¡. Ap Npd_p 3,076 hukp Ap¡ihpm `qfhpfp¡_u dprlsu Ap`sy„ v$mv$pf hkrs`ÓL$ Ly$g 630 `p_p„dp„ `\fpe¡gy„ R>¡. S>e„s râÞV$fu A_¡ MufpZu âL$pi_¡ kp\¡ dmu_¡ blpf `pX¡$gp Ap hkrs`ÓL$_¡ s¥epf L$fsp„ A¡L$ hj®_p¡ kde gpÁep¡ lsp¡. gpL$qX$ep Npd_p 13 `qfhpfp¡ ApS>¡ g„X$_dp„ fl¡ R>¡. s¡d_u rhNsp¡_p¡ kdph¡i `Z hkrs`ÓL$dp„ L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. hkrs`ÓL$dp„ âÐe¡L$ `qfhpf_p„ hX$ug `rs-`Ð_u_p¡ kÅ¡X¡$ ap¡V$p¡ R>p`hp dpV¡$ huf¡_ bpbygpg kÓpA¡ rhi¡j õVy$qX$ep¡ Ecp¡ L$fu b^p_p ap¡V$p `pX$ép lsp. Ap v$mv$pf N°„\dp„ C.k. 1957_u kpgdp„ dy„bCdp„ hksp gpL$qX$ep Npd_p 48 fl¡hpkuAp¡_u A¥rslprkL$ kd|lskhuf R>p`hpdp„ Aphu R>¡, S>¡dp„ v$k bpmL$p¡ `Z R>¡. iê$Apsdp„ gpL$qX$ep Npd_u f„Nb¡f„Nu skhufp¡ Üpfp hs__¡ epv$ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. oprsb„^yAp¡A¡ R|>V$\u Ål¡fMbfp¡ Ap`u ApMp N°„\_p¡ Apr\®L$ cpf lmhp¡ L$fu Apàep¡ R>¡.

dy„bC_p `pfkuAp¡

dy„bC eyr_hrk®V$u_p L$p¡Þhp¡L¡$i_ lp¡gdp„ \p¡X$p drl_p `l¡gp„ "v¡$i_p rhL$pkdp„ `pfku L$p¡d_y„ ep¡Nv$p_' A¡ rhje `f A¡L$ fkâv$ k¡rd_pf ep¡ÅC Nep¡. Ap k¡rd_pfdp„ dy„bC il¡f_p `pfkuAp¡ rhi¡ `Z M|b R>ZphV$ \C. dy„bC b„v$f_p¡ A_¡ Np¡v$u_p¡ rhL$pk L$fhpdp„ hpqX$epL$yVy„$b_p¡ dp¡V$p¡ apmp¡ lsp¡. kf qafp¡S>ip dl¡spA¡ dy„bC çeyr_rk`g L$p¡`p£f¡i__u fQ_pdp„ tklapmp¡ Apàep¡ lsp¡. õhs„Ósp ANpD A[õsÐhdp„ Aph¡gp dy„bC âp„s_p kp¥\u â\d õhv¡$iu â^p_d„X$m_p `l¡ghl¡gp dy¿e â^p_ kf ^_Æip bp¡d_Æ L|$`f lsp. rlÞv$u qaëd DÛp¡N_p A¡L$ `pep_p `Õ\f sfuL¡$ S>¡d_u NZsfu \pe R>¡ s¡ kp¡lfpb dp¡v$u `Z `pfku lsp. eyr_hrk®V$udp„ ep¡Åe¡gp b¡ qv$hk_p k¡rd_pfdp„ Ap b^p S> dlpf\uAp¡_¡ epv$ L$fhpdp„ Apìep lsp.

cpfs_u kp¡ L$fp¡X$_u hkrsdp„ ApS>¡ `pfkuAp¡_u k„¿ep 80 lÅf_u S> R>¡. s¡d R>sp„ Ap L$p¡d¡ `p¡sp_u AgN Ap¡mM V$L$phu fpMu R>¡, s¡_y„ L$pfZ `p¡sp_p ^d® bpbsdp„ s¡d_u hapv$pfu R>¡. `pfkuAp¡A¡ `l¡fh¡i, cpjp, Mp¡fpL$, fl¡ZuL$fZu hN¡f¡ b^u bpbsp¡dp„ a¡fapf L$ep® R>¡, `Z ^d®_u bpbsdp„ L$p¡C bp„^R>p¡X$ L$fu _\u. X$p¡. lp¡du cpcp,X$p¡. lp¡du k¡W$_p, _p_u `pgMuhpgp, A¡k.`u.Np¡v$f¡S>, fs_ spsp S>¡hp„ Ap„sffpô²$ue ârs›$pâpàs _pdp¡ `pfku L$p¡d¡ Apàep„ R>¡. rhðdp„ dlp_ k„NusL$pf sfuL¡$ S>¡_u NZ_p \pe R>¡ s¡ Tyrb_ dl¡sp `Z d|m dy„bC_p R>¡ A_¡ `pfku R>¡. A¡riep_p kp¥\u S|>_p AMbpf "dy„bC kdpQpf'_p dprgL$p¡ `Z `pfku R>¡.cpfs_p lpg_p A¡V$_} S>_fg kp¡gu kp¡fpbÆ `Z dy„bC_p `pfku R>¡. Ap _p_L$X$u L$p¡d¡ v|$^dp„ kpL$f_u S>¡d cmu S>hp_y„ NyS>fps_p fpÅ_¡ S>¡ hQ_ Apàey„ lsy„ s¡ bfpbf `pmu bspìey„ R>¡.

ANpD_p g¡Mp¡
îu_p\Ædp„ hëgcLy$m_p ApQpe®_u rsgL$rhr^
>dy„bCdp„ gÁ__u hpX$u_p k„QpgL$p¡_u v$pv$pNufu
L$ÃR>u hqf›$ _pNqfL$p¡ "h_rhlpf'_p¡ Ap_„v$ dpZ¡ R>¡
Qpgp¡, Qp¡`pV$u Ap„V$p¡ dpfhp
dy„bC_u bÅfdp„ hufà`_ _pd_y„ kyMX$
`pV$Z_p¡ A¡L$ lÅf hj®_p¡ Brslpk N°„\bÙ \C füp¡ R>¡
A¡L$ oprs, b¡ dyM`Ó
dy„bC_u kp¥\u AÛ$s_ L$pqX®epL$ lp¡[õ`V$g
Qpf hp¼ep¡dp„ b^p„ ip÷p¡_p¡ kpf
d¡f¡S> åeyfp¡dp„ Qpgsp„ ÅsÅs_p„ L$p¥cp„X$p¡
gp¡lpZp dlp`rfjv$_u fl¡W$pZ ep¡S>_p r_óam : 186 Ly$Vy„$bp¡ b¡Of b_i¡
26 ê$r`epdp„ ApMp drl_p_y„ cp¡S>_
spX$`Óg¡M__u âpQu_ L$mp `y_Æ®rhs \C flu R>¡
kp„Cbpbp_p d„qv$fdp„ KQ_uQ
gp¡lpZp L$ÞepAp¡ fpk fdsp„ fdsp„ Æh_kp\u ip¡^i¡
"du _\yfpd Np¡X$k¡ bp¡gsp¡e' _pV$L$ BÞV$f_¡V$ D`f
L$ÞepAp¡ lh¡ dyfrsepAp¡_p BÞV$fìey g¡hp dp„X$u R>¡
NyS>fpsu hZL$f kdpS>dp„ qv$efhVy„$ A_¡ L$pY$`Ï„
rlÞvy$^pddp„ S>¥_ d„qv$f_p¡ `°rs›$pdlp¡Ðkh
lufpbÅf_p AbÅ¡ ê$r`ep Ap„NqX$epdp„ kghpep R>¡
âdyMõhpdu_u r_îpdp„ f„N¡Q„N¡ a|gX$p¡gp¡ÐkhES>hpep¡
BNs`yfu_p rh`íe_p L¡$ÞÖdp„\u f¡L$u dpõV$fp¡_u lL$pg`Ë$u
dy„bC eyr_hrk®V$udp„ S>¥_ `pW$ipmp
L$`p¡m oprs_y„ fpS>L$pfZ A_¡ kdpS>L$pfZ
75 hj®_p L$ÃR>u Sy>hp_¡ _hy„ Of dp„X$éy„
dy„bCdp„ NyS>fpsu d¡Ohpmp¡_p ApNd__¡ 100 hj® \ep„
S>¥_ ^d® BÞV$f_¡V$_p eyNdp„ ApNm h^u füp¡ R>¡
Np„^uÆ_p ApÝep[ÐdL$ Nyfy îudv$ fpS>Q„Ö
õhpÝepeâ¡duAp¡_¡ gp„bp kde `R>u v$pv$p_p„ v$i®_ \ep„
kfõhsu _v$u NyS>fps_p c|smdp„ hlu flu R>¡?
k|ÿd Atlkp_y„ âsuL$ ÆhpsMp_y„
C-rbT_¡k A_¡ L$ÃR>u h¡`pfuAp¡
OJ_p Ähpfp s„vy$fõsu dpV¡$ ArsDÑd
L$pm k`® ep¡N A¡V$g¡ iy„?
L$ÃR>u rhkp Ap¡khpm oprs_p¡ cìe õhe„hf
Ap¡_gpB_ oprsAp¡_p„ hkrs`ÓL$
f¡L$udp„ Qpgsp„ flõede f¡L¡$V¹$k
Æhv$ep_p L$pe®L$f_p„ Ly$Vy„$buS>_p¡_¡ klpe
L$p¡V®$_u blpf `Z R|>V$pR>¡X$p dm¡
Ar_hpe® Ar_óV$ S>¡hu oprsâ\p
"L$¡$d R>p¡?'

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?