• L$p¡gqdõV$
• dyhuV$pBd$
• Anfp
• NyS>fps A¡ Vy$ T¡X-
• fpS>L$p¡V$_p kdpQpf
• NyS>fps_y„ Of¡Ï„
• R>¡ëgp„ 50 hjp£dp„..
• TV$`V$ fkp¡C
• s„vy$fõsu
• lkNyëgp„
• _¡V$ f¡qX$ep¡
• kyfs õ`¡rieg
• NTg f¡X$u-f¡L$_f
• dps©h„v$_p
• srbes
• r\e¡V$f
• hpsp®

L¡$. gpg : Cðf kp¥\u dp¡V$p¡ Åvy$Nf R>¡

rdÓ_¡ dp¡L$gp¡

qL$Þ_f ApQpe®

A¡d_u dpepÅm iê$ \ep_¡ ApS>¡ 60-60 hj®_p„ hlpZp„ husu Nep„. 1940dp„ kp¥fpô²$_p S|>_pNY$ rS>ëgpdp„ h„\gu Npd¡ s¡dZ¡ â\d âep¡N L$ep£. Ðepf¡ Jdf lsu 15 hj®. ApS>¡ A¡d_u Jdf R>¡ 75 hj®. R>sp„ L$p„rsgpg rNf^fgpg hp¡fp _pd_p Ap L$pqW$ephpX$u Åvy$Nf lSy> \p¼ep _\u. A¡d_u õazrs® lSy> AL$b„^ R>¡. R>¡ëgp„„ 60 hj® v$frdep_ s¡dZ¡ cpfs krls rhð_p rhrh^ v¡$ip¡dp„ gNcN 18,000 ip¡ L$ep® R>¡. ApV$gp ip¡ rhð_p AÞe L$p¡C S> Åvy$Nf¡ L$ep® _\u s¡hp¡ s¡d_p¡ v$php¡ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ S> s¡Ap¡ lh¡ "qN_¡k byL$ Ap¡a hëX®$ f¡L$p¡X¹®$k'dp„ `p¡sp_y„ _pd _p¢^phhp s¥epfu L$fu füp R>¡.

L$p„rsgpg rNf^fgpg hp¡fp _pd L„$C AÅÎey„ gpNsy„ lp¡e sp¡ s¡d_y„ A¡L$ AÞe _pd `Z R>¡. L¡$. gpg. Åvy$Nf L¡$. gpg. Al], s¡Ap¡ `pRy>„ hmu_¡ Sy>A¡ R>¡ s¡d_u tS>v$Nu_p„ R>¡ëgp„ 50 hjp£dp„.

dpfy„ bQ`Z

NyS>fpsu gp¡L$kprlÐe_¡ kd©Ù L$f_pf Th¡fQ„v$ d¡OpZu_y„ A_¡ dpfy„ hs_ A¡L$ S> Adf¡gu rS>ëgp_y„ bNkfp Npd. Adpfp Npd¡\u S> dlpÐdp Np„^uA¡ kÐepN°l_y„ A¡gp_ Apàey„ lsy„. dpfp v$pv$p Npd_p _Nfi¡W$. Npd_y„ dl¡dp_ A¡ Adpfy„ dl¡dp_. L$\pL$pf lp¡e, gp¡L$ L$gpL$pf lp¡e L¡$ `R>u dv$pfu lp¡e A\hp Aphp L$p¡C `Z gp¡L$p¡ lp¡e. A¡ b^p_p¡ Dspfp¡ Adpf¡ Ðep„ S> lp¡e. ÅsÅs_p gp¡L$p¡_¡ dmhp_y„ \pe.

lz„ Äepf¡ R> hj®_p¡ lsp¡ Ðepf¡ dpfp dp¡V$p L$pL$pA¡ L$gL$Ñpdp„ Mpv$u c„X$pf Qgphhp_y„ R>p¡X$u_¡ dpfp r`sp_¡ L$gL$Ñp bp¡gpìep. Ly$Vy„$b kp\¡ Ad¡ L$gL$Ñp Nep. b„Npm_p dp¡V$p dp¡V$p Åvy$Nf `Z A¡ kde¡ AX$^p¡ L$gpL$_p¡ ip¡ S> L$fsp. 1947dp„ L$gL$Ñp_u íepdbÅfdp„ Åvy$Nfp¡_y„ dp¡Vy„$ Ar^h¡i_ lsy„. A¡L$ _p_p NÅ_p Åvy$Nf sfuL¡$ lz„ `Z Ðep„ Nep¡ lsp¡. b„Npm_p dp¡V$p dp¡V$p Åvy$Nfp¡ hÃQ¡ A¡ Jdf¡ d¢ dpBL$dp„ b¡ iåv$p¡ L$l¡hp_u dpNZu L$fu. OZu rh_„su `R>u d_¡ dpBL$ Ap`hpdp„ Apìey„. d¢ L$üy„ L¡$ "Ap`Z¡ kp¥ Åvy$Nfp¡ dp¡V$u dp¡V$u d|R>p¡ fpMuA¡ R>uA¡, X$fpdZp„ dp¡Y$p„ fpMuA¡ R>uA¡, Ap„M `f_u _¡Z `fpZ¡ dp¡V$u L$fuA¡ R>uA¡, A¡L$dpÓ L$pmp¡ L$p¡V$ `l¡fuA¡ R>uA¡ A_¡ s¡_p `f `Z S>¡V$gp dþep lp¡e A¡V$gp Qp„v$ gNphuA¡ R>uA¡. R>\u _h HQ_u KQu l¡V$ `l¡fuA¡ R>uA¡. Ap b^y„ gp¡L$p¡_¡ Ndsy„ _\u. gp¡L$p¡ Åvy$_¡ dpZhp_¡ bv$g¡ s¡_p\u X$fhp dp„X¡$ R>¡. Ap`Z¡ kp¥ Mg_peL$ S>¡hp gpNuA¡ R>uA¡ A_¡ rhg_ L$p¡C_¡ Ndsp _\u. Ap`Z¡ lufp¡ b_uA¡ sp¡ h^y kpfy„ fl¡i¡. Ad¡qfL$_ l¡V$ R>p¡X$u_¡ fS>hpX$u `pOX$u `l¡fuA¡. cpfsue `f„`fp_¡ A¡ b„^b¡ksy„ fl¡i¡. i¡fhp_u `Z S>ê$fu R>¡. Ðepf_p Åvy$Nfp¡_¡ _pqcdp„\u fpX$p¡ `pX$u_¡ bp¡ghp_y„ L$l¡hpdp„ Aphsy„. d¢ L$üy„ L¡$ "Aphp b|dbfpX$p `Z S>ê$fu _\u.' dpfu Aphu fS|>Aps\u Ðep„ lpS>f fl¡gp kp¥ dp„^pspAp¡ DíL¡$fpC Nep. A¡L$ hX$ug¡ dpfp¡ Mcp¡ `L$X$ép¡ A_¡ d_¡ S>bfvõsu\u b¡kpX$u v$u^p¡. s¡dZ¡ d_¡ L$üy„, "Ab¡ kpg¡, sy„ NyS>fpsu L¡$k¡ Åvy$Nf b_ kL$sp l¥, ldL$p¡ kgpl v¡$_¡ hpgp s| lp¡sp L$p¥_ l¥.'

A¡d_u Npm d_¡ lpX$p¡lpX$ gpNu NC. NyS>fpsuAp¡ ip dpV¡$ Åvy$Nf _ b_u iL¡$? A¡ kÄS>__u hps L$fhp_u Y$b rbgLy$g ep¡Áe _ lsu. NyS>fpsuAp¡ âÐe¡_p¡ s¡d_p¡ kp¥_p¡ AZNdp¡ R>sp¡ \C S>sp¡ lsp¡. lz„ ApMp¡ Nyõkp\u ^°|S>sp¡ lsp¡. v$p¡X$u_¡ d¢ afu dpBL$ T|„V$hu gu^y„. lz„ aV$paV$ bp¡ghp dp„X$ép¡... "sd¡ NyS>fpsu qhi¡ d_¡ dl¡Zp„ dpfp¡ R>p¡, `Z gMu fpMÅ¡ L¡$ A¡L$ NyS>fpsu S>¡ n¡Ódp„ `N d|L¡$ R>¡ Ðep„ A¡ khp£`fu b_¡ R>¡. A_¡ lz„ A¡ hps kprbs L$fu Ap`ui.'

dpfp¡ â\d âep¡N

A¡ b_ph_¡ L$pfZ¡ lz„ A„v$f\u lQdQu Nep¡ lsp¡. `¡gp kÄS>__p„ dl¡Zp„Ap¡_p¡ S>X$bpsp¡X$ S>hpb Ap`hp dpV¡$ d¢ ÅsÅs_u ApBV$dp¡ b_phhp dp„X$u. L¡$V$gpL$ Av¹$cys âep¡N s¥epf L$ep®. 1951dp„ d¢ dpfp¡ Åvy$_p¡ L$pe®¾$d r_lpmhp dpV¡$ 300 Åvy$Nfp¡_¡ Apd„ÓZ Apàey„.

õ\m : fp¡L$ku r\e¡V$f, L$gL$Ñp.

dy„bC\u dilwf Åvy$Nf Np¡qNep `pkp Apìep. dpfp NyfycpC `u. ku. kfL$pf `Z Apìep. A¡ ip¡ `pR>m d¢ hjp£ dl¡_s L$fu lsu. AX$^p L$gpL$_p ip¡_p A¡ S>dp_pdp„ d¢ ÓZ L$gpL$_p¡ A¡L$ ip¡ L$ep£. _d°sp`|h®L$ L$lz„ sp¡ âep¡N A¡V$gp¡ Av¹$cys füp¡ L¡$ b^p S> Åvy$Nfp¡ dp¢dp„ Ap„Nmp„ _pMu Nep. d¢ dpfp ip¡_y„ i¼e A¡V$gy„ cpfsueL$fZ L$fu _p¿ey„. fpsp¡fps Åvy$_u, Åvy$Nf_u ìep¿ep bv$gpC NC.

Åvy$_p¡ Åvy$

bpm`Z\u S> Ap L$mp âÐe¡ d_¡ M¢QpZ. O¡f Aphsp dl¡dp_p¡dp„ OZu hpf dv$pfuAp¡ `Z lp¡e. buÅ b^p v$p¡õspfp¡ dv$pfu\u buh¡, `Z lz„ sp¡ A¡_u `Z cpCb„^u L$fu gJ. O¡f L„$C kpfy„ bÞey„ lp¡e sp¡ Q|`Qp` dv$pfuAp¡_p Dspfp `f A¡ hp_Nu gC_¡ `lp¢Qu ÅJ A_¡ bv$gpdp„ ¼epf¡L$ A¡L$pv$ Åvy$ `Z iuMu gJ. Ðepf\u S> d_dp„ KX¡$ KX¡$ Åvy$Nf b_hp_p L$p¡X$ ÅÁep. dv$pfu `pk¡\u iuM¡gp lp\QpgpL$u_p M¡g ipmp_p rinL$p¡ A_¡ klpÝepeuAp¡_¡ v¡$MpXy„$. s¡Ap¡ L$v$f L$f¡ A_¡ d_¡ L„$CL$ AgN S> Myiu \pe. A¡ Afkpdp„ S> L$gL$Ñp riãV$$ \hp_y„ bÞey„. r`sp `¥k¡V$L¡$ M|b S> kyMu. d_¡ s¡dZ¡ L$gL$Ñp_u A¢Ágp¡-B[ÞX$e_ õL|$gdp„ v$pMg L$ep£. _p_u Jdf\u S> lz„ r`sp_u vy$L$p_¡ b¡ksp¡ `Z d_¡ cZhpdp„ L¡$ ^„^pdp„ blz fk _lp¡sp¡ `X$sp¡. d_¡ sp¡ _pV$L$, chpC A_¡ Åvy$ S> Ndsp„. b„Npm sp¡ Åvy$Nfp¡_y„ õhN® NZpsy„. `Z A¡ kde¡ Åvy$L$mp dpÓ âvi®_ `|fsu S> dep®qv$s. âp¡a¡i_g V$Q lSy> s¡dp„ A¡V$gu lv¡$ _lp¡sp¡. AX$^p L$gpL$_p ip¡ \pe A_¡ 30-40 S>Z A¡ Sy>A¡. A¡ Afkpdp„ dpfp L$pL$p d_¡ b„Npm_p ÅZusp Åvy$Nf NZ`rs Q¾$hs}_p¡ ip¡ Å¡hp gC Nep. dpfu Jdf Ðepf¡ gNcN bpf hj®. ip¡ `Ðep `R>u d¢ s¡d_p Åvy$_u A¡L$ ApBV$d_u r\efu s¡d_¡ L$lu. s¡Ap¡ v„$N flu Nep. s¡dZ¡ d_¡ fp¡S> s¡d_u `pk¡ Aphhp L$üy„. Of_p hX$ugp¡ `pk¡\u Aphu hps dpV¡$ fÅ dm¡ A¡hy„ sp¡ qhQpfu S> _ iL$pe. A¡ `Z A¡ S>dp_pdp„? s¡\u lz„ õL|$$g¡ S>sp„-Aphsp„ R>p_p¡dp_p¡ s¡d_u `pk¡ `lp¢Qu S>sp¡. Aphu S> fus¡ Np¡kpB_ _pd_p A¡L$ buÅ Åvy$Nf `pk¡ `Z lz„ Ah_hu sfL$ubp¡ iuMhp `lp¢Qu S>sp¡.

1939_u hps R>¡. AQp_L$ S> rhðeyÙ apV$u _uL$þey„. Adpfy„$ Ly$Vy„$b L$gL$Ñp\u bNkfp `fs Aphu Ney„. 1940_u kpgdp„ Adpf¡ A¡L$ k„b„^u_p gÁ_âk„N¡ bNkfp\u h„\gu Å_ gC_¡ S>hp_y„ \ey„. kNp„k„b„^uAp¡ hÃQ¡ Ðep„ d¢ AX$^p¡ L$gpL$_p¡ A¡L$ _p_L$X$p¡ ip¡ L$ep£. OZp âep¡Np¡ v¡$MpX$ép. b^p Apòe®QqL$s \C Nep. kNp„k„b„^uAp¡A¡ spmuAp¡ sp¡ M|b `pX$u `Z O¡f Aphsp„ d_¡ \à`X$p¡ `Z A¡V$gu S> `X$u. Npddp„ hpeyh¡N¡ hps a¡gpC L¡$ "L$p[Þsep¡' L$pmp¡ Åvy$ iuMu_¡ Apìep¡ R>¡. hpqZep_p¡ R>p¡L$fp¡ õdip_rhÛp A_¡ X$pL$ZrhÛpdp„ `X$ép¡ A¡hy„ `Z gp¡L$p¡ QQ®hp gpÁep. r`spÆA¡ A_¡ bpA¡ dpfu ^p¡gpC L$fu _pMu. ApMu oprsA¡ Adpfp Of_y„ `pZu `Z lfpd L$ey¯. A„^îÙp_p¡ A¡ eyN.

lz„ A¡d_¡ kdÅhsp¡ L¡$ lz„ L$v$u õdip_dp„ Nep¡ _\u. d¢ L$p¡C v¡$h_¡ rkÙ _\u L$ep®. `Z s¡Ap¡ dpfu hps kdS>hp s¥epf _lp¡sp. Ðepf\u S> d¢ d_p¡d_ _½$u L$fu gu^y„ lsy„ L¡$ Ap L$mp rhi¡ gp¡L$p¡dp„ fl¡su A„^îÙp lz„ v|$f L$fui. 42-43_p hj®dp„ Adpfy„ Ly$Vy„$b afu L$gL$Ñp Ney„. A¡ kde¡ b„Npmdp„ NuspLy$dpf _pd_p A¡L$ Åvy$Nf_y„ S>bfy„ _pd lsy„. d¢ d_dp„ s¡d_¡ Nyfy dp_u gu^p A_¡ A¡L$ qv$hk hpõshdp„ S> s¡d_u dygpL$ps \C. A¡d_u `pk¡ d¢ Åvy$ iuMhp_y„ iê$ L$ey¯. ipmpdp„ Np`Qu dpfhp_y„ r_eqds \C Ney„ lsy„. kss N¡flpS>fu_¡ L$pfZ¡ d_¡ d¡qV²$L$_u `funpdp„ b¡khp _ dþey„. cZhpdp„ A_¡ ^„^pdp„ d_ _ gpÁey„ s¡ _ gpÁey„ A_¡ lz„ Åvy$Nf b_u_¡ füp¡.

`¡V²$p¡d¡¼k\u L$p¡çàeyV$f ky^u

1951_u kpgdp„ d¢ 300 ÅvyNfp¡ kdn A¡L$ Av¹$cys ip¡ L$ep£. Åvy$_p S>¡ ip¡ \sp lsp s¡dp„ dpÓ Qpf bëb_p¡ A_¡ `¡V²$p¡d¡¼k_p¡ S> âep¡N \sp¡. dpfp A¡ ip¡dp„ d¢ A_p¡Mu gpBqV„$N_p¡ D`ep¡N L$ep£. A¡ v$lpX¡$ d¢ kpDÞX$ rkõV$d_p¡ D`ep¡N Qpgy L$ep£. ApS>¡ sp¡ lz„ dpfu AdyL$ "ApBV$d'dp„ L$p¡çàeyV$k®_p¡ `Z cpfp¡cpf D`ep¡N L$fy„ Ry>„. L$p¡çàeyV$f_u L$dpg A_¡ dpfu lp\QpgpL$u_p âsp`¡ A¡L$ ÷u_p Vy$L$X¡$Vy$L$X$p Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. 1951dp„ d¡rS>L$ ip¡_¡ lz„ `¡V²$p¡d¡¼k_p eyNdp„\u blpf gpìep¡ lsp¡. ApS>¡ 2000dp„ L$p¡çàeyV$k®_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fy„ Ry>„ ! 50 hjp£dp„ L¡$V$L¡$V$gp„ `qfhs®_p¡ Aphu Nep„ Ap n¡Ódp„!

d_p¡f„S>__p„ Ap^yr_L$ dpÝedp¡ Aphu Nep„ R>¡. hus¡gp„ Ap hjp£ v$frdep_ Åvy$_y„ ApL$j®Z b¡iL$ \p¡Xy$„ Ap¡Ry>„ \ey„ R>¡. Å¡L¡$ kph A¡hy„ _\u. ldZp„ Ad¡ kyfsdp„ v$p¡Y$ drl_p_p¡ L$pe®¾$d _½$u L$fu_¡ Nep lsp. `Z gp¡L$p¡_p¡ rfõ`p¡Þk A¡V$gp¡ lsp¡ L¡$ kpX$p Qpf drl_p ky^u Adpf¡ Ðep„ fp¡L$phy„ `X$éy„. cyS>dp„ L$pe®¾$d Qpgy lsp¡ Ðepf¡ "L$p¥_ b_¡Np L$fp¡X$`rs'dp„ A¡L$ eyhp__¡ A¡L$ L$fp¡X$ ê$r`ep_y„ B_pd dmhp_y„ lsy„. eyr_V$dp„ kp¥_¡ tQsp lsu L¡$ A¡ qv$hk¡ Ap`Zp M¡g v$frdep_ â¡nL$p¡ Aphi¡ L¡$ L¡$d. M¡g b„^ fpMhp_u rhQpfZp `Z Qpgy lsu. `Z d¢ L$üy„ "ip¡ dõV$ Np¡ Ap¡_'. Ad¡ ip¡ Qpgy fp¿ep¡. A_¡ ^pep® L$fsp„ A_¡L$ NZp â¡nL$p¡ A¡ qv$hk¡ Apìep. Å¡L¡$ Ap dplp¡g ¼ep„ ky^u Qpgy fl¡i¡ s¡_u Ad_¡ kp¥_¡ tQsp R>¡. Ap L$mpdp„ kss _hp-_hp âep¡Np¡ L$fsp„ fl¡hp_y„ lh¡ Ar_hpe® bÞey„ R>¡.

skhufL$pf : cpV$u A¡_.

Ap g¡M_y„ lh¡ `R>u_y„ gMpZ hp„Qhp dpV¡$ kpd¡ Ap`¡g _„bf [¼gL$ L$fp¡ >> 2/2

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?