Roddick briefly slipped out of the world's top-10 this year but the 28-year-old American, a huge favourite in London for his three Wimbledon finals against Roger Federer, demonstrated the qualities that make him such a dangerous adversary.
He fired 17 aces past Nadal, three 140mph (225kph) bullets coming in succession in the third game, but it was the quality of his baseline play that threatened to continue his opponent's torrid time at the venue beside the River Thames.
Only when Nadal claimed the second set on a tiebreak after trailing by a set and a break did Roddick run out of ammunition.
Nadal carved out a crucial break in the fifth game of the decider, pouncing on a tired Roddick volley before clinching victory in two hours 33 minutes to the delight of the Spanish fans sprinkled around the cavernous 17,500-capacity venue.
"I was a little bit lucky tonight," Nadal, who missed last week's Paris Masters with a shoulder problem and had not played a competitive match since October, told reporters.
"I started the match a little bit nervous. Five weeks without playing and on a tough surface for me it was always going to be difficult against one of the best servers in the world. I think I was very close to lose today," he added.
Singer Kylie Minogue and boyfriend Andres Velencoso Segura watches Rafel Nadal play Roddick during ATP World Tour Finals
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