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lp¡d`¡S> & dyhuV$pBd & rhïg¡jZ ApS>L$pg irigpg _pef_u qaëd A¡L$ R>p¡V$u ku ghõV$p¡fuA¡ blz dp¡V$p¡ rhhpv$ S>Npìep¡ R>¡. d|m ep¡S>_p âdpZ¡ dy„bC A_¡ qv$ëludp„ b¡ S> râÞV qfrgT L$fhp_u hps lsu `Z `R>u qaëd_u rlfp¡B_ d_ujp L$p¡CfpgpA¡ s¡_u Xy$[àgL¡$V¡$ L$f¡gp„ ×íep¡ dpV¡$ lp¡bpmp¡ dQpìep¡ A_¡ raëd_p qX$[õV²$åeyV$f i©„Npf qaëçk¡ v¡$icf_p„ 93 rk_¡dpOfdp„ 76 râÞV¹$k qfrgT L$fu v$u^u.
Mf¡Mf Aphp rhhpv$\u qaëd E`X$su lp¡e R>¡? r\e¡V$k® lpDkawg \C S>sp„ lp¡e R>¡? kycpj L¡$. Tp bp¡guh|X$_u AÐepf ky^u_u v$k rhhpv$põ`v$ qaëdp¡_p g¡MpÅ¡Mp dp„X$¡ R>¡. |
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^fd`yÓ (1961) cpNgp `l¡gp„ A¡L$ tlvy$ `qfhpf A_¡ dy[õgd `qfhpf hÃQ¡ Of S>¡hp¡ k„b„^ lp¡e R>¡ A¡hu hpsp® `f\u qX$f¡¼V$f ei Qp¡`fpA¡ L¡$qfef_u `l¡gu S> qaëd b_phu lsu. `Z `R>u qaëddp„ v¡$i_p cpNgp \pe R>¡ A_¡ b„_¡ Ly$Vy„$bp¡ A¡L$buÅ\u v|$f \C Åe R>¡ A¡hu OV$_p bsphpC lsu. Ap qaëd_¡ gu^¡ v¡$icfdp„ L$p¡du gpNZu cX$L$u EW$u lsu A_¡ Mpk sp¡ qaëddp„ dy[õgd R>p¡L$fp¡ tlvy$ R>p¡L$fu_p â¡ddp„ `X¡$ R>¡ A¡ hps\u L$Ë$fhpv$uAp¡ cpf¡ DíL¡$fpep„ lsp„. DíL¡$fpe¡gp„ V$p¡mpAp¡A¡ r\e¡V$fp¡ `f ^ku S>C_¡ sp¡X$ap¡X$ dQphu lsu A_¡ qaëd bfpbf v¡$MpX$pC `Z _lp¡su A¡ `l¡gp„ S> s¡_y„ âv$i®_ AV$L$phu v$u^y„ lsy„. s¡ `R>u Qp¡`fpA¡ kp¡N_ gu^p L¡$ tS>v$Nudp„ L$v$u rhhpv$põ`v$ qaëd _l] b_phy„.
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bp¡çb¡ (1995) ârkÙ qaëdd¡L$f drZ fÐ_d¡ qV$r`L$g rlÞv$u qaëdp¡_u ghõV$p¡fu_p Qugp\u Sy>v$p `X$u_¡ tlvy$ eyhp_ dykgdp_ eyhsu_p â¡ddp„ `X¡$ R>¡ A¡hp L$\p_L$ `f Ap^pqfs qaëd b_phu. qaëddp„ dy[õgd eyhsu b_su d_ujp L$p¡Bfpgp cpNu_¡ tlvy$ lufp¡ Afthv$ õhpdu kp\¡ gÁ_ L$fu g¡ R>¡ A_¡ b„_¡ 1993_p„ dy„bCdp„ \e¡gp„ L$p¡du fdMpZp¡dp„ akpC Åe R>¡ s¡_u hps R>¡. qaëddp„ bpm W$pL$f¡ `f\u â¡fZp gC_¡ Ecy„ L$fpe¡gy„ A¡L$ `pÓ lsy„ A_¡ s¡ V$u_y Ap_„v¡$ cS>ìey„ lsy„. Å¡hp_u hps sp¡ A¡ R>¡ L¡$ qaëd_u qfrgT dpV¡$ k¡Þkf bp¡X®$ L$fsp„ `Z rih k¡_p_p hX$p W$pL$f¡_u k„drs g¡hpC lsu. bp¡çb¡ Äep„ rfrgT \C s¡ r\e¡V$fp¡_¡ ^dL$u dmhp gpNu, qX$f¡¼V$f_p Q¡Þ_C_p Ofdp„\u bp¡çb `Z dmu Apìep¡ lsp¡. L$p¡Z L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ qaëd b_phhu kl¡gu R>¡?
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b¡[ÞX$V$ ¼hu_ (1994) i¡Mf L$`|f_u b¡[ÞX$V$ ¼hu_dp„ X$pLy$fpZu awg_ v¡$hu_p Æh__u L$\p lsu. qaëd cg¡ rhhpv$põ`v$ b_u `Z s¡_¡ A¡hp¡X®$ `Z dþep A_¡ v¡$i_p„ L¡$V$gp„L$ il¡fp¡dp„ kpfp¡ qfõ`p¡Þk `Z dþep¡. gp¡L$p¡A¡ eps_pcfu, cep_L$ tS>v$Nu Æhu Q|L¡$gu awg_v¡$hu_¡ v$pv$ v¡$hp qaëd Å¡C lsu L¡$ `R>u s¡_p `f NyÅfpe¡gp AÐepQpf_p„ _Á_ ×íep¡ Å¡hp qaëd Å¡C lsu s¡ QQp®_p¡ dyØp¡ R>¡.
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apef (1997) v$u`p dl¡sp_u qaëddp„ qv$ëlu_p DÛp¡N`rs `qfhpf_u b¡ ÷uAp¡ hÃQ¡_p kÅsue k„b„^p¡_u hps lsu. Ap_¡ gu^¡ qaëd kpd¡ Å¡fv$pf rhfp¡^ \ep¡ lsp¡. ibp_p ApTdu A_¡ _„qv$sp v$pk_u Xy$[àgL¡$V$_p Åsue kdpNd_p„ ×íep¡A¡ Mpõku QL$Qpf S>Nphu lsu.
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TMd (1999) dl¡i cË¡$ `p¡sp_p Æh_ `f\u b_ph¡gu L$l¡hpsu Ap qaëddp„ dy[õgd ÷u `fZ¡gp tlvy$ â¡du_¡ r_:õhp\® cph¡ â¡d L$f¡ R>¡ s¡_u hps R>¡. Å¡L¡$ qaëddp„ L$p¡du sp¡ap_p¡_¡ h^y dlÒh_p dyØp sfuL¡$ ApNm L$fpep„ lsp„. Mf¡Mf sp¡ s¡ ÷u A_¡ s¡_p v$uL$fp hÃQ¡_p¡ k„b„^ L¡$V$gp¡ i[¼sipmu R>¡ s¡ qaëd_y„ dy¿e `pky„ lsy„. `Z Ap qaëd Mp¡V$u fus¡ qaëd_¡ âp¡S>¡¼V L$fhp\u qaëd_u kpfu sL$p¡ fp¡mpC Åe R>¡ s¡_p¡ v$pMgp¡ b_u_¡ flu NC.
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rkgrkgp (1981) Ardspc bÃQ_ A_¡ S>ep cpvy$fu_¡ `rs`Ð_u sfuL¡$ A_¡ f¡Mp_¡ buÆ ÷u_p `pÓdp„ QdL$phsu ei Qp¡`fp_u qaëd¡ k_k_pV$u dQphu v$u^u lsu. gÁ_bpü k„b„^_p \ud_u blz S> k„h¡v$_iug fus¡ dphS>s L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. `Z rdqX$ep_¡ qaëd_p„ A¡¼V$k®_u qfeg gpBadp„ h^pf¡ fk lsp¡. rdqX$epA¡ qaëd_p„ A¡¼V$k® L$fsp„ qaëd_p„ `pÓp¡ `f h^y Ýep_ v$u^y„ lp¡s sp¡ qaëd_¡ Þepe dþep¡ lp¡s.
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bh„X$f (2001)
qX$f¡¼V$f S>Ndp¡l_ dy„Öp_u c„hfu v¡$hu _pd_u ÷u_p Æh_ `f\u b_¡gu Ap qaëd OZp hMs ky^u AMbpfp¡dp„ QdL$su flu lsu. fpS>õ\p_dp„ c„hfu v¡$hu `f DÃQ hZ®_p gp¡L$p¡ kpd|rlL$ bmpÐL$pf L$f¡ R>¡ s¡hp L$\p_L$ A_¡ qaëd_p„ L¡$V$gp„L$ Aïgug ×íep¡A¡ Mpõkp¡ rhhpv$ S>Npìep¡ lsp¡.
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l¡ fpd! (1999)
L$dg lpk__u Ap qaëd dlpÐdp Np„^u_u v¡$i_p cpNgp_u bpbsdp„ c|rdL$p iu lsu qhi¡ hps L$f¡ R>¡. qaëddp„ Nrc®sp\p£ A¡V$gp b^p R>¡ L¡$ s¡ kdS>hp dpV¡$ qaëd L¡$V$gue hMs Å¡hu `X¡$. s¡ `R>u qaëd dy[õdgrhfp¡^u R>¡, Np„^urhfp¡^u R>¡ A¡_u QQp® bp¡Nk gpN¡ R>¡.
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rkV$u Ap¡a Å¡e (1992)
L¡$V$guL$ qaëdp¡ qfrgT \ep `l¡gp„ S> rhhpv$põ`v$ b_su lp¡e R>¡. qX$f¡¼V$f fp¡gpÞX$ Å¡a_u Ap qaëd_p¡ qfrgT \ep `l¡gp„ S> L$p¡gL$pspdp„ Mpõkp¡ rhfp¡^ \ep¡ lsp¡. V$uL$pL$pfp¡A¡ A¡hu aqfepv$ L$fu lsu L¡$ Å¡a¡ L$p¡gpL$psp il¡f_¡ Mfpb Qusey¯ R>¡. qaëd kpd¡_p rhfp¡^_¡ ip„s `pX$hp ibp_p ApTduA¡ b_su L$p¡rii L$fu `Z A¡ kam _ \C A_¡ qaëd ãgp¡` NC. h¾$sp A¡ R>¡ L¡$ qaëd Mf¡Mf L$p¡gL$psprhfp¡^u _lp¡su.
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A¡L$ R>p¡V$uku ghõV$p¡fu (2002)
d_ujp L$p¡Bfpgp BÃR>su lsu L¡$ gp¡L$p¡ qaëd _ Sy>A¡. `Z EgV$p_y„ S>¡ ×íep¡ dpV¡$ d_ujpA¡ hp„^p¡ DW$pìep¡ lsp¡ s¡ Å¡hp gp¡L$p¡A¡ r\e¡V$fp¡ R>gL$phu v$u^p„. qaëd dy„bC_p„ r\e¡V$fp¡dp„\u sp¡ Dspfu g¡hpC s¡\u raëd rlV$ \C S>hp_u i¼esp gpNsu _\u. A_¡ gp¡L$p¡_u DÐL„$W$p, Hs¡Åfu idu S>i¡ `R>u Ap_p `Z buÆ rhhpv$põ`v$ qaëdp¡ S>¡hp S> lpg \i¡.
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qX$TpB_ : Dv$e Ly$qL$e_ |
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