qv$_¡i fpl¡Å

S>b S>b awg Mug¡ A_¡ Qp¡f dQpe¡ ip¡f qaëdp¡_p¡ dp„S>fu Ap„Mp¡hpmp¡ õdpV®$ lufp¡ A¡Z¡ ^pey¯ lp¡s sp¡ 25 hj® sp¡ iy„, buÅ„ L¡$V$gp„e hjp¡® ky^u qaëdp¡dp„ R>hpe¡gp¡ füp¡ lp¡s.

iiu L$`|f `f qaëdphpe¡gp„ L¡$V$gp„L$ gp¡L$râe Nusp¡
Nus	qaëd	NpeL$
`fv¡$kuep¢ k¡ _  ArMep„ rdgp_p	S>b S>b  awg Mug¡	dp¡lçdv$ fau
b¡Myv$u d¢  k_d	lku_p dp_  Åe¡Nu	dp¡lçdv$ fau,  gsp d„N¡iL$f
rgM¡ Å¡ Ms syT¡	L$Þepv$p_	dp¡lçdv$ fau
r_kygsp_p f¡ àepf  L$p dp¥kd Apep	àepf L$p  dp¥kd	dp¡lçdv$ fau
Ap¡ d¡fu Ap¡ d¡fu  Ap¡ d¡fu ird®gu	ird®gu	qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf
s¡fp dyS>k¡ l¥  `l¡g¡ L$p	Ap Ng¡  gN Å	qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf
g¡ Åe¢N¡ qv$ghpg¡  vy$ëlr_ep g¡ Åe¢N¡	Qp¡f dQpe¡  ip¡f	qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf,  gsp d„N¡iL$f
L$cu L$cu  d¡f¡ qv$g d¢	L$cu L$cu	dyL¡$i,  gsp d„N¡iL$f
Q„Qg r_d®g  iusg L$p¡dg	kÐed¹ rihd¹  ky„v$fd¹	dyL¡$i
A¡L$ fpõsp l¥  tTv$Nu	L$pgp `Ð\f	qL$ip¡f Ly$dpf,  gsp d„N¡iL$f

`Z iiu L$`|f¡ L$pfqL$v$}_u V$p¡Q¡ lsp Ðepf¡ S> L$iy„L$ _hy„ L$fhp_u, Ap¡abuV$ âL$pf_u qaëdp¡dp„ lp\ AS>dphhp_u L$p¡rii L$fu lsu.

1960_p v$peL$p\u S> iiu L$`|f¡ BõdpBg dQ®ÞV$ S>¡hp ÅZusp qX$f¡¼V$f_u qaëd bp¡çb¡ V$p¡L$uT A_¡ rlV$ A¡ÞX$ X$õV$ S>¡hu qaëdp¡dp„ L$pd L$fhp_y„ iê$ L$fu v$u^y„ lsy„. Ap qaëdp¡A¡ s¡ hMs¡ Mpõku QQp® S>Nphu lsu.

s¡ `R>u iiu L$`|f¡ rkÙp\® _pd_u qaëddp„ `Z L$pd L$ey¯ A_¡ lp¡guh|X$_p qaëd S>Nsdp„ s¡Ap¡ A¡L$ ÅZusy„ _pd b_u Nep.

dpÓ A¡[¼V„$N L$fhp_¡ bv$g¡ iiu L$`|f¡ qaëdp¡ b_phhp_y„ kplk `Z L$ey¯. `p¡s¡ A¡¼V$f sfuL¡$ L$f¡gu qaëdp¡_u L$dpZudp„\u OZu A¡dZ¡ íepd b¡_¡Ng, A`Zp® k¡_, Np¡thv$ r_lgp_u A_¡ rNfui L$_p®X$ S>¡hp _pdu qX$f¡¼V$k® kp\¡ qaëd b_phhpdp„ MQ} _pMu.

1960-1970_p v$peL$pAp¡dp„ rlÞv$u qaëdp¡dp„ ApNhy„ õ\p_ b_phu g¡_pf iiu L$`|f 1938dp„ S>Þçep lsp . r`sp `©Õhu fpS> L$`|f_p ÓZ v$uL$fp A_¡ A¡L$ v$uL$fudp„_p bgbuffpS> L$`|f A¡V$g¡ L¡$ iiu L$`|f¡ _p_u Jdfdp„ S> A¡[¼V„$N_p `pW$ iuMhp iê$ L$fu v$u^p lsp. r`sp_u ÅZusu _pV$L$ L„$`_u `©Õhu r\e¡V$f kp\¡ s¡Ap¡ v¡$idp„ O|çep lsp.

R> hj®_u Jdf¡ s¡dZ¡ õV¡$S> `f Arc_e iê$ L$fu v$u^p¡. 12 hj®_p lsp Ðepf¡ qaëdp¡dp„ A¡[¼V„$N iê$ L$fu v$u^u. fpS> L$`|f_u qaëd Aphpfp (1951)dp„ s¡dZ¡ fpS> L$`|f_u bpm`Z_u c|rdL$p L$fu_¡ `p¡sp_y„ L$p¥hs bsphu v$u^y„ lsy„.

15-17 hj®_u he¡ iiu L$`|f S>¡_uaf L¡$ÞX$¡g_p â¡ddp„ `X$ép. s¡d_¡ A„N°¡Æ bp¡gsp„ _lp¡sy„ aphsy„ `Z sp¡e rb°qV$i S>¡_uaf_y„ qv$g Æshpdp„ kam \ep. S>¡_uaf_p r`sp Äep¡äu L¡$ÞX$¡g i¡¼kr`ef_ _pd_u L„$`_u Qgphsp lsp A_¡ S>¡_uaf s¡dp„ Arc_¡Óu sfuL¡$ L$pd L$fsp„ lsp„. iê$Apsdp„ b„_¡_p Ly$Vy„buAp¡A¡ hp„^p¡ DW$pìep¡ `Z `R>u (cpcu Nusp bpgu_p k`p¡V®$\u) dp_u Nep A_¡ 1958dp„ sp¡ b„_¡ `fZu Nep„.

v$uL$fp Ly$Zpg_p¡ S>Þd \ep¡ A_¡ iiu L$`|f¡ qaëdp¡dp„ lufp¡ sfuL¡$ _kub AS>dphhp_y„ _½$u L$ey¯. s¡d_p cpCAp¡ fpS> A_¡ içdu L$`|f Ðepf¡ õV$pf A¡¼V$f NZphp gpÁep lsp. iiu_¡ `Z qaëdDÛp¡N¡ DÐkplc¡f AphL$pep®. 1960dp„ s¡d_¡ ei Qp¡`fp_u qaëd ^fd`yÓ A_¡ rbdg fp¡e_u qaëd â¡d`yÓ dmu. `Z b¡dp„\u A¡L¡$e Qpgu _l].

s¡ `R>u iiu_¡ lp¡guX¡$ B_ bp¡çb¡ A_¡ e¡ qv$g qL$kL$p¡ v|„$ S>¡hu Ap¡R>p bS>¡V$_u qaëdp¡ S> dmhp gpNu. S>¡dp„ s¡d_u rlfp¡B_ lsu rhS>ep Qp¥^fu A_¡ fprNZu.

`Z 1965dp„ h¼s A_¡ S>b S>b awg Mug¡ rfrgT \C A_¡ iiu_y„ _kub `gV$pC Ney„.

\p¡X$p \p¡X$p drl_p_p A„sf¡ S> qfrgT \e¡gu qaëdp¡dp„ S>b S>b awg Mug¡ qaëddp„ iiu L$`|f¡ L$píduf_p riL$pfphpmp_u c|rdL$p L$fu lsu. riL$pfphpmp¡ ku^p¡kpv$p¡ eyhp_ A¡L$ il¡fu d¡dkpb_p â¡ddp„ `X$¡ R>¡. s¡_u kp\¡ il¡fdp„ Åe R>¡. `Z il¡f_u vy$r_epdp„ s¡ flu _\u iL$sp¡. qaëddp„ ldL$p¡ syd `¡ àepf Apep... Nusdp„ ER>mspL|$v$sp dyÁ^ eyhp_ sfuL¡$ L¡$ `R>u elp„ d¦ AS>_bu lw„ Nus_p vy$:Mu eyhp_ iiuA¡ b^p_p„ d_ dp¡lu gu^p„. hjp£ `R>u Ap S> \ud `f\u b_¡gu fpÅ tlvy$õsp_u qaëddp„ Apduf Mp_¡ `Z Aphu S> c|rdL$p L$fu lsu.

iiu L$`|f_u qaëdp¡ Qpgsu _lp¡su sp¡ `Z qlfp¡B_ _„v$pA¡ s¡d_pdp„ rhðpk fpMu_¡ R>A¡L$ qaëdp¡ kpB_ L$fu lsu. s¡dp„\u S>b S>b awg Mug¡ ky`frlV$ \C NC A_¡ _„v$p_p¡ rhðpk kpQp¡ W$ep£. s¡ `R>u iiu L$`|f¡ lku_p dp_ Åe¡Nu A_¡ qv$g _¡ `yL$pfp S>¡hu qaëdp¡ `Z L$fu.

'70_p v$peL$pdp„ fpS>¡i MÞ_p_y„ _pd NpS>hp gpÁey„ lsy„ A¡_p\u iiu L$`|f_u L¡$qfef_¡ \p¡X$u Akf \C `Z s¡dZ¡ ird®gu, Ap Ng¡ gN Å A_¡ Qp¡f dQpe¡ ip¡f (1974) S>¡hu qaëdp¡\u `p¡sp_y„ õ\p_ Åmhu fp¿ey„. g¡ Åe¢N¡ g¡ Åe¢N¡ qv$ghpg¡ vy$ëlr_ep g¡ Åe¢N¡... Nus\u iiu L$`|f¡ ^|d dQphu v$u^u.

A¡ S> hjp£dp„ aL$ufp, Qp¡fu d¡fp L$pd, dy[¼s A_¡ kÐed¹ rihd¹ ky„v$fd¹ S>¡hu qaëdp¡ kpfu Qpgu lsu `Z Ardspc bÃQ_ kp\¡_u dëV$uõV$pff qaëdp¡_u kamsp s¡d_u kp¡gp¡ lufp¡ sfuL¡$_u qaëdp¡ `f R>hpC NC. s¡dp„e v$uhpf, L$cu L$cu A_¡ rÓi|g qaëdp¡ ågp¡L$bõV$f kprbs \C lsu.

ei Qp¡`fp_u qaëd v$uhpf (1975)dp„ `l¡gp„ fpS>¡i MÞ_p_¡ g¡hp_y„ rhQpfpey„ lsy„ `Z `R>u iiu L$`|f_¡ A¡ c|rdL$p dmu A_¡ A¡ fp¡g dpV¡$ s¡d_¡ b¡õV$ k`p¡qV¯$N A¡¼V$f_p¡ A¡hp¡X®$ dþep¡. s¡d_u Bdp_v$pf `p¡guk Ap¡qakf_u c|rdL$pdp„ "d¡f¡ `pk dp l¥' X$pegp¡N NguA¡ NguA¡ ÅZusp¡ \C Nep¡ lsp¡ A_¡ lÆ ApS>¡e rlÞv$u raëdp¡_p a¡dk X$pegp¡Ákdp„_p¡ A¡L$ NZpe R>¡.

Qp¡f dQpe¡ ip¡f qfrgT \C s¡ `l¡gp„_p qv$hkp¡dp„ iiuA¡ lfuapC_¡ Ýep_dp„ gC_¡ L¡$V$gue qaëdp¡ kpB_ L$fu _pMu lsu. s¡ hMs¡ s¡d_u Å¡fv$pf `Z qX$dpÞX$ lsu A_¡ A¡L$ kde¡ s¡d_u `pk¡ 100 qaëdp¡ lsu! Å¡L¡$ s¡dp„\u L¡$V$guL$ qaëdp¡ _bmu L$np_u lsu.

Å¡L¡$ iiuA¡ s¡ `R>u `p¡sp_u BÃR>p dyS>b_u, `k„v$ dyS>b_u qaëdp¡ b_phhpdp„ T„`gpìey„. iê$Aps L$fu íepd b¡_¡Ng_u qaëd Sy>_|_\u. s¡dp„ s¡Ap¡ _hpb_u c|rdL$pdp„ lsp, S>¡_p„ gÁ_ \C Nep„ lsp„ `Z A¡L$ A„N°¡S> drlgp L¡$v$u (c|s`|h® åeyV$u¼hu_ _aukp Agu)_p â¡ddp„ `X$u Åe R>¡ A_¡ s¡_¡ dpV¡$ L$p¡C `Z Å¡Md M¡X$hp s¥epf \C Åe R>¡.

s¡dZ¡ b¡_¡Ng_u S> qaëd L$geyNdp„ DÛp¡N`rs `qfhpf_p sfR>p¡X$pe¡gp A_p¥fk v$uL$fp_u c|rdL$p L$fu.

lÆ `Z s¡Ap¡ lufp¡ sfuL¡$ Qpgu i¼ep lp¡s `Z s¡_¡ bv$g¡ s¡dZ¡ 1980_p v$peL$pdp„ "rhS>¡sp' qaëd b_phu. Np¡thv$ r_lgp_u_p rv$Áv$i®_dp„ b_¡gu Ap qaëddp„ s¡dZ¡ s¡d_p v$uL$fp Ly$Zpg_¡ lufp¡ sfuL¡$ gu^p¡ A_¡ `p¡s¡ r`sp_u c|rdL$p L$fu. s¡dZ¡ A`Zp® k¡__u M|b ÅZusu qaëd 36 Qp¥f„Ou g¡_dp„ `Ð_u S>¡_uaf kp\¡ epv$Npf Arc_e Apàep¡.

1984dp„ S>¡_uaf_y„ L¡$Þkf\u d©Ðey \ey„. A¡ Afkpdp„ rNfui L$_p®X$_p qv$Áv$i®_dp„ b_¡gu DÐkh qaëd dpV¡$ iiu L$`|f¡ hS>_ h^pey¯. A_¡ A¡hy„ h^pey¯ L¡$ `R>u Dspfhp_u L$p¡rii L$fhp_y„ R>p¡X$u v$u^y„. Å¡L¡$ s¡ `R>u `Z s¡dZ¡ k¡du A¡ÞX$ fp¡Tu N¡V$ g¡BX$ A_¡ B_ L$õV$X$u raëdp¡dp„ kpfu c|rdL$pAp¡ dmu.

Ardspc A_¡ S>ep bÃQ__p L$l¡hp\u s¡dZ¡ AS|>bp _pd_u qaëd_y„ qv$Áv$i®_ L$ey¯ `Z qaëd r`V$pC NC. L$v$pQ s¡Ap¡ Ap¡qX$eÞk_u `k„v$ `pfMhpdp„ \p` MpC Nep. (1991dp„ qaëd qfrgT \C Ðepf¡ rlÞv$u raëdp¡dp„ fp¡dpÞk_p¡ V²¡$ÞX$ iê$ \C Nep¡ lsp¡.)

ApS>¡ qfeg gpBadp„ v$pv$pÆ_p fp¡gdp„ iiu L$`|f s¡d_u kamspAp¡_¡, k„cpfZp„Ap¡_¡ ddmphsp„ Apfpdv$peL$ `mp¡ dpZ¡ R>¡ A_¡ L$`|f Mp_v$p__u V¡$ÞX¡$Þku dyS>b hS>_ h^pf¡ R>¡.

iiu L$`|f_u kudprQl¹_ê$` raëdp¡
hj®	qaëd	lufp¡
1965	S>b S>b awg Mug¡	_„v$p
1971	ird®gu	fpMu
1971	bp¡çb¡ V$p¡L$uT	A`Zp® k¡_
1973	rkÙp\®	kudu Nf¡hpg
1974	Qp¡f dQpe¡ ip¡f	dydspT
1975	v$uhpf	_usy tkl
1976	L$cu L$cu	fpMu
1978	kÐed¹ rihd¹ ky„v$fd¹	Tu_s Adp_
1979	Sy>_|_	ibp_p ApTdu
1981	L$geyN	f¡Mp

Ap `Z hp„Qp¡
L¥$au ApTdu_p„ L$¡V$gp„L$ rQfõdfZue Nusp¡

qX$TpB_ : Dv$e Ly$qL$e_