rkÙp\® ipl, dy„bC

i¡fbÅfdp„ S>¡ s¡Æ L$fph¡ A¡ byg NZpe R>¡ A_¡ \p¡X$p¡ hMs `l¡gp„ Ap`Zu i¡fbÅfp¡dp„ g¡V¡$õV$ rbNbyg lsp¡ L¡$s_ `pf¡M A_¡ 1991-92dp„ rbNbyg lsp¡ lj®v$ dl¡sp. S>¡_p rhi¡ sp¡ Ap` L$v$pQ b^y„ S> ÅZp¡ R>p¡. Ap gp¡L$p¡A¡ L$C fus¡ s¡Æ_p¡ azÁNp¡ azgpìep¡ A_¡ Ap azÁNp¡ ip dpV¡$ awV$u Nep¡ A¡ Ap`Zp kp¥_u _S>f kpd¡ R>¡.

`f„sy ÅZp¡ R>p¡ L¡$ dy„bC i¡fbÅf_p¡ `l¡ghl¡gp¡ byg (s¡Æhpmp¡) L$p¡Z lsp¡?

dy„bC i¡fbÅf_p â\d byg lsp â¡dQ„v$ fpeQ„v$, S>¡dZ¡ i¡fp¡dp„ kË$p¡ L$fu_¡ A¡ kde¡ 1860-65_p Npmpdp„ b¡ÞL$p¡_p„ _pZp„ hp`fu_¡ Qp¡½$k i¡fp¡dp„ s¡Æ L$fphu lsu.

1860_p Ap kdeNpmpdp„ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ Ap„sfrhN°l apV$u _uL$m¡gp¡ Ðepf¡ HÁg¡ÞX$_u L$p¡V$_ rdgp¡ s¡_p¡ 20 V$L$p S>¡V$gp¡ L$pQp¡ dpg cpfsdp„\u Apeps L$fsu lsu, S>¡_u qX$dpÞX$ eyÙ iê$ \sp„ h^u lsu. `qfZpd¡ L$p¡V$__p cphp¡dp„ s¡Æ Aphu lsu. A_¡ Ðepf¡ ê$_p s¡Æhpmp (byg) NZpsp â¡dQ„v$ fpeQ„v¡$, S>¡Ap¡ b¡ÞL$ Ap¡a bp¡çb¡_p `Z õ\p`L$ lsp, s¡dZ¡ dp¡V$p `pe¡ kË$pL$ue âh©rÑ iê$ L$fu v$u^u lsu. L$v$pQ A¡ cpfsdp„ kË$p_p¡ â\d âk„N lsp¡. â¡dQ„v$ fpeQ„v¡$ A¡ hMs¡ L$p_|_u R>V$L$bpfuAp¡ ip¡^u L$pY$u lsu. S>¡_p Ap^pf¡ s¡dZ¡ kfL$pfu rk¼eyqfV$uT s\p AÞe `[ågL$ L„$`_uAp¡_u rk¼eyqfV$uT kpd¡ b¡ÞL$p¡dp„\u gp¡_ d¡mhu lsu. s¡dZ¡ b¡ÞL$p¡_¡ TX$`u A_¡ kpfp hmsf_u Mpsfu Ap`u lsu. Apd b¡ÞL$p¡A¡ Ðepf¡ i¡fp¡_p kpQp d|ëe rhi¡ kdS> L¡$ ÅZL$pfu d¡mìep rh_p i¡fp¡ Mfuv$hp dpV¡$ gp¡_ Ap`hp_y„ iê$ L$ey¯ lsy„ A_¡ `R>u A¡ _pZp„_p¡ D`ep¡N Qp¡½$k "dp_usp' i¡fp¡_p cphp¡dp„ L©$rÓd DR>pmp (âpBk qftNN) dpV¡$ \ep¡ lsp¡.

A¡ kde¡ Aphp¡ lp¡V$ a¡h¡qfV$ i¡f "^ b¡L$b¡ qf¼g¡d¡i_' L„$`_u_p¡ lsp¡, S>¡_p¡ cph ê$. 50,000 ky^u `lp¢Qu Nep¡ lsp¡. A¡ kde¡ â¡dQ„v$ fpeQ„v$ `p¡s¡ ÅZusp L$fp¡X$`rs lsp.

S>¡ fus¡ L¡$s_ `pf¡M¡ b¡ÞL$p¡_p„ _pZp„_p Å¡f¡ kp¡ãV$h¡f i¡fp¡dp„ s¡Æ Qgphu lsu A_¡ s¡ `|h£ 1991-92dp„ lj®v$ dl¡spA¡ `Z b¡ÞL$p¡_p„ _pZp„_u spL$ps `f s¡Æ Qgphu lsu. Apd i¡fbÅf_p Aphp rbNbygp¡ b¡ÞL$p¡_p„ _pZp„\u S> b_sp füp R>¡ A¡_p¡ Brslpk `Z kpnu R>¡.

1950dp„ rbNbyg lsp lp\ucpC, s¡d_u a¡hqfV$ [õ¾$`$ qV$õL$p¡ lsu, S>¡d L¡$s__u kp¡ãV$h¡f Þey BL$p¡_p¡du_u [õ¾$àk a¡hqfV$ NZpsu A_¡ lj®v$ dl¡sp_u A¡kuku, dTv$p hN¡f¡ NZpsu s¡d dpZ¡L$gpg Qy_u A_¡ kycpNQ„v$ `Z ÅZusp s¡Æhpmp (byëk) NZpsp lsp. Ap gp¡L$p¡ `Z `p¡sp_u BÃR>p dyS>b dpL£$V$_¡ qv$ip Ap`sp lsp. Ap S> fus¡ õV$pÞXX®$ rdëk dpV¡$ drlÞÖ d_kyM A_¡ k¡ÞQyfu dpV¡$ dp_Q„v$ bpNX$u bÅf_p lufp¡ NZpsp lsp. 1991-92dp„ lj®v$ dl¡sp lufp¡ lsp A¡ `|h£ d_ycpC dpZ¡L$gpg A_¡ R>¡ëg¡ R>¡ëg¡ L¡$s_ `pf¡M i¡fbÅf_p lufp¡ füp. gp¡L$p¡A¡ dpÓ Ap _pdp¡_¡ Ap^pf¡ i¡fp¡_p cphp¡ KQp S>sp Å¡ep R>¡.

bÅf_u cpjpdp„ L$l¡hpsy„ L¡$, "d_ycpC g¡ R>¡,' "lj®v$ g¡ R>¡,' "L¡$`u_u a¡hqfV$ [õ¾$` R>¡' bk ApV$gu dprlsu dm¡ _¡ cph KQL$pC S>sp¡ Å¡hp dmsp¡ lsp¡. A_¡ A¡V$g¡ S> Aphu L©$rÓd s¡Æ_p azÁNp hpf„hpf awV$u Åe R>¡.

Apd i¡fbÅf_u spS>¡sf_u L$V$p¡L$V$uA¡ fp¡L$pZL$pfp¡ A_¡ i¡fv$gpgp¡ dpV¡$ h^y A¡L$ bp¡^`pW$ `|fp¡ `pX$ép¡ R>¡, `f„sy kp\p¡kp\ Ap L$V$p¡L$V$uA¡ r_ed_ s„Óp¡_¡ `Z Ars dlÒh_p¡ bp¡^ Apàep¡ R>¡.

cpfsue i¡fbÅfdp„ s¡Æ-d„v$u Aph¡ A¡ AÞe bÅfp¡_u S>¡d õhpcprhL$ OV$_p NZpe, `f„sy i¡fbÅfdp„ s„vy$fõs s¡Æ_p¡ dp¡V¡$ cpN¡ Acph füp¡ R>¡. A_¡ A¡V$g¡ S> fp¡L$pZL$pf hN® N¡fdpN£ v$p¡fpsp¡ füp¡ R>¡.

i¡fbÅfdp„ kË$p_p¡ Arsf¡L$ AV$L$phhp_u S>hpbv$pfu r_ed_ s„Ó rk¼eyqfV$u A¡¼kQ¡ÞS> bp¡X®$_u NZpe A_¡ kpQu hps R>¡, `f„sy Ap dpdgpdp„ k¡buA¡ qfTh® b¡ÞL$ Ap¡a B[ÞX$ep kp\¡ kss kyd¡m fpMhp¡ S>ê$fu R>¡, L¡$d L¡$ b¡[ÞL„$N n¡Ó qfTh® b¡ÞL$_u R>Ó l¡W$m Qpg¡ R>¡.

i¡fbÅfdp„ b¡ÞL$p¡_p„ _pZp„ kË$p dpV¡$ L¡$ N¡fhpS>bu D`ep¡Nu dpV¡$ h`fpe R>¡ L¡$ L¡$d A¡ ÅZhp k¡buA¡ qfTh® b¡ÞL$ Ap¡a B[ÞX$ep_p¡ klep¡N d¡mhhp¡ AphíeL$ R>¡. k¡bu A_¡ ApfbuApB klep¡Ndp„ L$pd L$fi¡ sp¡ S> i¡fbÅf_¡ L$pb|dp„ fpMu iL$pi¡.

k„b„q^s g¡Mp¡
bu`uA¡g¡ L$fp¡X$p¡ ê$r`ep lj®v$ dl¡sp_¡ Ap`¡gp
lj®v$ dl¡spA¡ L$C fus¡ L$mp L$fu lsu
i¡fbÅf_p„ b¡ L$p¥cp„X$p¡_u kpçesp A_¡ saphsp¡ : 1992_y„ lj®v$ dl¡sp_y„, 2001_y„ L¡$s_ `pf¡M_y„
lh¡ i¡fbÅfp¡dp„ DW$dZp„ A_¡ Ap`Ops_p¡ s¡lgL$p¡

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?