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cph_Nfdp„\u gp¡L$p¡ cpNu füp R>¡
rdÓ_¡ dp¡L$gp¡

qv$gu` Np¡rlg

cph_Nfdp„ NC L$pg¡ R>_¡ `p„Q A_¡ khp R> hpÁe¡ c|L„$`_u b¡ lmhu ^y°Åfu afu A_ychu A¡ `R>u S>¡ gp¡L$p¡ AhY$hdp„ lsp s¡ `Z "lh¡ Ap„ep _p¡ f¡hpe' A¡d L$fu_¡ bk õV¡$i_ c¡Np \C Nep. buÅ L¡$V$gpL$ gp¡L$p¡ f¡gh¡ õV¡$i_ `lp¢Qu Nep. _ÆL$_p„ smpÅ, hgcu`yf, Ddfpmp, rilp¡f, `pguspZpdp„ S>¡d_p„ kNp„ fl¡ R>¡ s¡ gp¡L$p¡A¡ `p¡sp_p„ õL|$V$f L¡$ dp¡V$fkpBL$g `f b¡ S>Z `p¡s¡ A_¡ b¡ R>p¡L$fp„_u Qpf khpfu L$fu_¡ hpl_ dpfu d|¼ey„.

kps gpM_u hkrs ^fphsy„ cph_Nf A¡L$pA¡L$ c|rsey„ il¡f cpkhp gpÁey„ R>¡. gp¡L$p¡ S>¡ hpl_ dþey„ s¡dp„ cpNhp gpÁep R>¡. NC L$pg¡ A¡k.V$u._u bkp¡ qQ½$pf cfpC NC lsu. Mp_Nu g¼Tfu bkp¡, V¡$ç`p¡, R>L$X$p¡ qfnpdp„ gp¡L$p¡ W$p„ku W$p„ku_¡ b¡W$p lsp. S>¡d_¡ `Z kNp„_¡ Ðep„ S>hpe A¡hy„ R>¡ s¡ gp¡L$p¡ S>hp gpÁep R>¡.

S>¡ gp¡L$p¡ _\u S>C iL¡$ s¡d s¡ gp¡L$p¡A¡ fõspAp¡ `f X¡$fps„by spÎep R>¡. cfs_Nf_p b¡ dpqmep„dp„ fl¡sp¡ cfs Å¡iu L$l¡ R>¡, "Adpfp lpDtkN bp¡X®$_p„ dL$p_p¡ _hp„_½$p¡f gu^p„ Ðepf¡e _bmp„ S> lsp„. dp\¡ kpfp¡ Q|_p¡ L$ep£ lsp¡ bk. ApV$gp„ hjp£ `R>u sp¡ c|L„$` _ lp¡e sp¡e Nd¡ Ðepf¡ `X$u Åe A¡hp„ R>¡. buL$ _ gpN¡ sp¡ iy„ \pe?' b¡ dpqmep„ Ap dL$p_p¡dp„ by^hpf_u fps\u L$p¡C A„v$f k|sy„ _\u. kp¥ gp¡L$p¡A¡ blpf Myëgp d¡v$p_dp„ S>dpìey„ R>¡.

L¡$V$guL$ kp¡kpeV$udp„ `pdsp`lp¢Qsp gp¡L$p¡A¡ kpd|rlL$ fus¡ d„X$`p¡ b„^pìep R>¡ A_¡ Myëgpdp„ S> fkp¡Xy„$ Mp¡ëey„ R>¡. gp¡L$p¡_¡ Ål¡fdp„ Äep„ S>Áep dmu Ðep„ `g„N _p¿ep R>¡. L¡$V$gpL$ _hp„ dL$p_p¡hpmp A_¡ dS>b|s dL$p_p¡ s\p L$pW$p ùv$ehpmp gp¡L$p¡ Ofdp„ k|sp lsp, `Z fpÓ¡ khp v$k hpÁe¡ afu A¡L$ Ap„QL$p¡ Apìep¡ Ðepf¡ L$pW$p„ ùv$e `Z `uNmu Nep„.

ApS>¡ qv$hk v$frdep_ Ap¡qakp¡dp„ `Z L$d®QpfuAp¡ b¡ksp _lp¡sp. A¡L$ AMbpf_p f¡rkX¡ÞV$ A¡qX$V$f lmhp qdÅS>dp„ L$l¡ R>¡, "lz„ Al] A„vf b¡W$p¡ b¡W$p¡ A¡L$gp¡ L$pd L$fy„ Ry>„, `Z dp¡V$p cpN_p¡ õV$pa blpf R>¡. gp¡L$p¡_¡ L$pd L$fsp„ iuMhu iL$pe, tlds L¡$mhsp„ sp¡ _ iuMhu iL$pe.' rlg X²$pBhdp„ fl¡sp L$dg¡i cyhp `Z L$l¡ R>¡, "Adpfp¡ b„Ngp¡ dS>b|s R>¡ A_¡ qsfpX$p¡ `Z `X$u _\u. R>sp„ Ad¡ gp¡L$p¡ blpf k|sp lsp. A¡ blp_¡ OZp hMs¡ blpf k|hp_p¡ glphp¡ dþep¡.'

gp¡L$p¡_p¡ lmhp¡ qdÅS> Np¡rlghpX$dp„ ìep`u Ne¡gu v$l¡is_¡ dlp¡fp `pR>m Ry>`phhp_p¡ âepk R>¡. gp¡L$p¡ Ap hMs¡ Mf¡Mf X$fu Nep R>¡. gpsyfdp„ L„$CL$ Ap S> `¡V$_®\u drl_pAp¡ ky^u L„$` Aphsp füp lsp A_¡ s¡ `R>u dp¡V$p¡ c|L„$` Apìep¡ lsp¡. kfL$pf¡ Ål¡fps L$fhp rkhpe A_¡ l¥ep^pfZ Apàep rkhpe L$p¡C _½$f L$pd L$e¯y _\u. cph_Nfdp„ Qpf S|>_p„ dL$p_p¡ `pX$u v¡$hpdp„ Apìep„ R>¡. L¡$V$guL$ ipmpAp¡dp„ gp¡L$p¡_¡ Dspfp¡ Ap`hp_u ìehõ\p \C R>¡. `Z Ap b^p sp¡ L$pdQgpD D`pe R>¡.

Aphsp frhhpf¡ cph_Nfdp„ dlp`prgL$p_u Q|„V$Zu R>¡, `Z cpS>` s¡ dygshu fl¡ s¡ dpV¡$ Q|„V$Zu `„Q kdn fS|>Aps L$fhp_p¡ R>¡. Ly$v$fsu Ap`rÑ_p k„Å¡Np¡dp„ Q|„V$Zu dygshu fpMu iL$pe s¡d R>¡.

cph_Nfdp„ \C fl¡gp c|L„$`_y„ A¡r`k¡ÞV$f M„cps_p AMpsdp„ R>¡. cph_Nfdp„ 1919dp„ ^fsuL„$` \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡ `l¡gp„ 1872dp„ `Z cph_Nfdp„ c|L„$` Apìep¡ lsp¡. L$ÃR>dp„ 1903dp„ ^fsuL„$` Apìep¡ lsp¡. M„cps_p AMps_p kpdp R>¡X$¡$ Aph¡gp cê$Qdp„ lÆ 1970dp„ S> c|L„$` Apìep¡ lsp¡. s¡ hMs¡ s¡_u suh°sp `p„Q D`f_u _p¢^pC lsu.

l¥v$fpbpv$dp„ Aph¡gu _¡i_g rS>ep¡qaqTL$g qfkQ® B[ÞõV$V$éyV$_p X$p¡. S>¡. Æ. _¡Nu_p S>Zpìep A_ykpf NyS>fpsdp„ v$f 30 hj£ c|L„$` _p¢^pep¡ R>¡. s¡d_u A¡ `¡V$_® kpQu dp_uA¡ sp¡ cê$Q_p c|L„$`_¡ Óuk hj® \C Nep R>¡ A_¡ NyS>fps `f afu A¡L$ hpf ^fsuL„$`_p¡ ce R>¡. ApNm Ap`¡gu kpg Å¡CA¡ sp¡ s¡dp„ `Z 30 hj®_p¡ Npmp¡ v¡$Mpe R>¡.

X$p¡. _¡Nu_p S>Zpìep A_ykpf cpfsue c|M„X$ v$f hj£ `p„Q k¡ÞV$uduV$f_p v$f¡ DÑf sfa Mku füp¡ R>¡ A_¡ rldpge_¡ KQp¡ L$fu füp¡ R>¡ s¡_u Akfp¡ Al] ky^u \pe R>¡. c|M„X$ Mkhp_u L$pfZ¡ v$rnZ R>¡X¡$ v$qfep_p¡ c|cpN `Z Mk¡ R>¡.

buSy>„, v$rnZ cpfsdp„ ^fsu_p `¡V$pmdp„ _d®v$p rfãV$ (apV$) kp¥\u dp¡V$u R>¡ A_¡ buÆ A¡L$ M„cps qfãV$ `Z R>¡. Ap bÞ_¡ apV$ c|Nc®dp„ A¡L$buÅ `f\u A¡hu fus¡ `kpf \pe R>¡ L¡$ Qp¡L$X$u b_¡. _d®v$p apV$ `|h®\u `ròd a¡gpe¡gu R>¡, Äepf¡ M„cps qfãV$ DÑf\u v$rnZ a¡gpe¡gu R>¡.

S>du__u apV$ `X$u lp¡e Ðep„ S>du__p rhipm c|M„X$ A¡L$buÅ kp\¡ kdep„sf¡ A\X$pe R>¡ A_¡ c|L„$` kS>£ R>¡. X$p¡. _¡Nu S>¡hp r_óZps_y„ dp_hy„ R>¡ L¡$ ÓZ v$peL$p_p A„sf¡ Aphu lgQg k`pV$u `f Aphu Åe R>¡.

s¡d_u hps_¡ N„cufsp\u g¡hp_u S>ê$f R>¡. cê$Q_p 1970_p c|L„$` `R>u Ap 2000_u kpg Qpg¡ R>¡ A_¡ ce_p k„L¡$sp¡ `Z Ap b¡ drl_p v$frdep__p Ap„QL$pAp¡A¡ Ap`u v$u^p R>¡.

kfL$pf lh¡ Ap k„Å¡Np¡dp„ iy„ L$fu iL¡$ R>¡? X$p¡. _¡Nu b¡ hj® `l¡gp„ dÝe âv¡$idp„ M„X$hp rhõspfdp„ c|L„$`_p Aæepk dpV¡$ Nep lsp. s¡dZ¡ A¡ hMs¡ L$f¡gu cgpdZ âdpZ¡ kfL$pf¡ A¡ rhõspf_p sdpd gp¡L$p¡ dpV¡$ kpd|rlL$ hudp¡ gu^p¡ lsp¡. L¡$iycpC_u kfL$pf¡ ldZp„ rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ (crhóe_p dsv$pfp¡_¡) Myi L$fhp `p„Q gpM rhÛp\}Ap¡_p¡ kpd|rlL$ AL$õdps hudp¡ Dsfpìep¡ R>¡. lh¡ cph_Nf A_¡ Apk`pk_p ceN°õs rhõspfp¡ dpV¡$ `Z kpd|rlL$ hudp¡ g¡hp_u S>ê$f R>¡. s¡_p L$pfZ¡, Ap`Z¡ _ BÃR>uA¡, `Z c|L„$` Aph¡ sp¡ kfL$pf `f A¡V$gp¡ Apr\®L$ bp¡Å¡ Ap¡R>p¡ `X¡$.

buSy>„, S|>_p„ S>S>®qfs dL$p_p¡_¡ sp¡X$u_¡ _hp„ dL$p_p¡ b_phhp_y„ L$pd sp¡ Apr\®L$ fus¡ vy$óL$f A_¡ kfL$pf_p NÅ blpf_y„ R>¡. kfL$pf s¡dp„ \p¡X$uOZu klpe L$fhp_y„ rhQpfu iL¡$. `Z S>¡ dL$p_p¡ _hp„ b_u füp R>¡ s¡dp„ sp¡ Mpk c|L„$`\u bQph \pe s¡hy„ õV²$¼Qf b_phhp afS> `pX$hu Å¡CA¡. ApS>\u _½$u L$fu_¡ kfL$pf¡ cph_Nf rhõspf dpV¡$ _hp¡ r_ed Adgdp„ d|L$u L$p¡C `Z bp„^L$pd dpV¡$ c|L„$` bQph_p âepkp¡ afrS>eps b_phu v¡$hp Å¡CA¡. kfL$pf A_¡ gp¡L$p¡ S>¡V$gp„ hl¡gp„ ÅN¡ A¡V$gy„ kpfy„. _rl sp¡ ApS>L$pg\u S> W¡$fW¡$f fpd^|_ iê$ \C S>i¡, gp¡L$p¡ cS>_L$us®_ A_¡ lp¡dlh_ iê$ L$fu v¡$i¡. c|L„$` \i¡ Ðepf¡ Apdp„_u L$p¡C hõsy L$pddp„ _l] Aph¡. `p¡s¡ S> `p¡sp_u dv$v$ _ L$f¡ s¡_¡ Cïhf `Z dv$v$ L$fsp¡ _\u.

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?

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