ApBbuA¡d, L$p¡ç`¡L$, X¡$g A_¡ sp¡ribp S>¡hp Lp¡çàeyV$frhð_p dp„^pspAp¡_¡ _p¡V$byL$ L$p¡çàeyV$f_p n¡Ó¡ A¡L$ L$ÃR>u eyhp_ l„aphu füp¡ R>¡ A¡hy„ L$p¡C L$l¡ sp¡ L$ÃR>uAp¡_u Mydpfu A_¡ ndsp_¡ _ Ap¡mM_pfp sp¡ lku S> L$pY¡$. dpÓ Qpf hj®_p V$|„L$p Npmpdp„ ey_pBV¡$X$ qL„$ÁX$d_u g¡`V$p¡` bÅf_¡ kf L$ep® bpv$ cpfsdp„ `p¡sp_u ApZ hsp®hhp Apep¡S>_ L$fu fl¡gp Ap L$ÃR>u rbg N¡V¹$k_u v$põsp_ L$p¡C A„N°¡Æ apB_p[Þkeg$ qaL¹$i__u sp¡g¡ Aph¡ A¡hu R>¡.

lufÆ `V¡$g A¡_y„ _pd. L$ÃR>u `qfhpfdp„ L¡$Þep_p dp¡çbpkpdp„ 1960dp„ A¡_p¡ S>Þd \ep¡. '67dp„ `qfhpf õ\mp„sf L$fu rb°V$_ Apìep¡. ky\pfuL$pd L$fu `qfhpf_p¡ r_hp®l Qgphsp r`sp `yÓ lufÆ_p„ gnZ `pfMu i¼ep A_¡ A¡V$g¡ s¡_¡ cZhp dpV¡$ Ry>Ë$p¡ v$p¡f Apàep¡. qL$ip¡f he_p lufÆ_¡ bp¡ghp_u sL$gua lsu. M|b M„QL$psp¡ A_¡ AQL$psp¡. âpf„cdp„ Ap _bmpCA¡ s¡_pdp„ gOyspN°„r\ `¡v$p L$fu, `Z ApNm S>sp„ A¡_¡ S> `X$L$pf dp_u buÅ kpfu fus¡ bp¡gsp„ klpÝepeuAp¡\u ApNm h^u L$iy„L$ L$fu bsphhp_u T„M_p `¡v$p \C. kpdpÞe fus¡ \p¡Xy„$ OÏ„ cZu r`sp_p ìehkpedp„ Å¡X$pC S>hp_u `f„`fp ^fphsp kdpS>_p¡ Ap R>p¡L$fp¡ cZhpdp„ s¡S>[õhsp v$pMhsp¡ ApNm h^sp¡ Nep¡ A_¡ g„X$_ eyr_hrk®V$u l¡W$m_u [¼h_ d¡fu L$p¡g¡S>dp„\u A¡rhep¡r_¼k_p rhje kp\¡ N°¡ÄeyA¡V$ \ep¡. rdkpBg NpBqX$eÞk rkõV$d_p lpX®$h¡fdp„ A¡Z¡ âcyÐh d¡mìey„ A_¡ M``|fsu L$p¡çàeyV$f_u spgud `Z lp„kg L$fu. ApMp ey. L¡$.dp„ A¡rhep¡r_¼k_p n¡Ó¡ A¡ â\d füp¡.

`Z Ap s¡S>õhu õ_psL$_¡ _p¡L$fu d¡mhhpdp„ X$Ng¡ _¡ `Ng¡ r_fpip kp„`X$su flu. A¡L$ sp¡ Að¡s D`f\u bp¡ghpdp„ M„QL$pV$. lufÆA¡ r_hp®l dpV¡$ V¡$¼ku Qgphhp\u dp„X$u h¡[ëX„$N ky^u_p„ L$pdp¡ L$ep¯. kp\p¡kp\ _p¡L$fu dpV$¡_p âepk Qpgy fp¿ep. ApMf¡ s¡_y„ s` aþey„ lp¡e s¡d ey. L¡$._p rh¿eps S>_fg Cg¡[¼V²$L$ L$p¡`p£f¡i__p A¡r\ep¡r_¼k rhcpN_y„ L$l¡Z Apìey„.

_p¡L$fu_p ApW$v$k Dd¡v$hpfp¡_¡ NpBX¡$X$ V$p¡`}X$p¡_u Ap¡V$p¡ `pBgV$ rkõV$d_u Mpdu ip¡^hp A_¡ s¡_p¡ D`pe v$ip®hhp S>Zpìey„. lufÆA¡ sfs c|g L¡$ Mpdu Mp¡mu L$pY$u V$p¡`}X$p¡_p k¡Þkf_y„ L¡$tkN gp¡M„X$_y„ lp¡hp\u NpBX$Þk rkõV$ddp„ Cg¡¼V²$p¡d¡Á_¡qV$L$ Mg¡g `¡v$p \su lsu. hpeqf„Ndp„ dpd|gu a¡fapf L$fu Ap Mg¡g s¡Z¡ v|$f L$fu bsphu. lufÆ_¡ _p¡L$fu dpV¡$ `k„v$ L$fu g¡hpep¡ A¡V$gy„ S> _l] rb°qV$i L$pev$p dyS>b k„fnZ d„Ópge_u gugu T„X$u _ dm¡ Ðep„ ky^u A¡_p dpV¡$ A¡ S>Áep Mpgu fpMhp_p¡ r_Z®e g¡hpep¡.

bk, `R>u lufÆA¡ `pR>p hmu_¡ _\u Å¡ey„. NpBX¡$X$ h¡`_ qX$rhT_dp„ s¡Z¡ `p¡sp_u ndsp_p¡ `fQp¡ v$¡MpX$hp dp„X$ép¡. NpBX¡$X$ V$p¡`}X$p¡_p ùv$ekdp d^f bp¡X®$_¡ s¡Z¡ Ly$imsp`|h®L$ s¥epf L$fu Apàey„. v$frdep_ qb°V$_ ap¡L$g¡ÞX$ eyÙdp„ k„X$p¡hpey„. A¡ k„Oj®dp„ rb°V$__p A¡L¹$Tp¡V$ rdkpBg_u D`fpD`fu q_óamsp\u kÑphpmpAp¡ `f¡ip_ b_u Nep. gÿe `f A¡L¹$Tp¡V$ L¡$d âlpf _\u L$fu iL$sy„ A¡ ip¡^u s¡_p¡ D`pe v$ip®hhp_y„ L$pd Æ. C. ku._¡ dþey„. L„$`_uA¡ lufÆ_¡ A¡ S>hpbv$pfu kp¢`u. lufÆA¡ k|ÿd NZsfu L$fu ip¡^u L$pY$éy„ L¡$ gp„bu f¡ÞS>_y„ Ap rdkpBg gÿe ky^u `lp¢Q¡ Ðep„ ky^u `©Õhu afsu lp¡hp\u gÿe Mku Ney„ lp¡e. bk, Mpdu dmu Aphu A¡V$g¡ DL¡$g sp¡ Apkp_ lsp¡.

Ap rkrÙ_p L$pfZ¡ lufÆ_¡ rb°qV$i A¡fp¡õ`¡i sfa\u rkr_ef kp¡ã¹V$h¡f A¡[ÞS>r_ef_p lp¡Øp_u Ap¡af Aphu. afS>_p cpN ê$`¡ lufÆA¡ NpBX¡$X$ rdkpBg k¡Þkf dpV¡$ \°u-X$u N°pqa¼k_u `Ùrs `Z rhL$kphu. `Z lufÆ_¡ dÅ _lp¡su Aphsu. kÑphpmpAp¡_u c¡v$cphcfu _urs\u L„$V$pmu s¡Z¡ _p¡L$fu_¡ Agrhv$p L$fu kp¡a¹V$h¡f L$ÞkëV$ÞV$_p¡ ìehkpe iê$ L$ep£. 1985\u '92 ky^u s¡Z¡ A_¡L L„$`_u$Ap¡_¡ k¡hp Ap`u. '92dp„ ÓZ rdÓp¡_¡ kp\¡ gC bu. L¡$. hu. X$åëey L„$`_u_u fQ_p L$fu. Qpf¡ cpNuv$pfp¡ dpV¡$ _p¡V$byL$ L$p¡çàeyV$fp¡ Mfuv$hp_y„ _½$u L$fpey„. lufÆA¡ Qp¡sfa s`pk L$fu. rb°V$_ S>¡hp rhL$rks v¡$idp„ `Z Ap L$pd AOfy„ b_u füy„. AgNAgN L„$`_uAp¡_p¡ k„`L®$ kpÝep¡, `Z ÓZ kàspl `l¡gp„ g¡`V$p¡` `|fp„ `pX$hp b^u L„$`_uAp¡A¡ Ai[¼s v$ip®hu. lufÆ_p dNS>dp„ TbL$pfp¡ \ep¡. Aph_pfp kde_¡ `l¡Qp_hp_u Ly$_¡l ^fphsp Ap eyhp_¡ ÓZ cpNuv$pfp¡ kp\¡, kpfu Ås_p„ g¡`V$p¡` hpS>bu v$f¡ `|fp„ `pX$hp_p DØ¡i kp\¡ A¡gpBX$ L$p¡çàeyV$f BÞX$õV²$uT_u õ\p`_p L$fu. A¡L$ _p_p Ap¡fX$pdp„ d¡Þeya¡L$¹Qqf„N iê$ \ey„. iê$Apsdp„ drl_¡ v$k-huk g¡`V$p¡`dp„\u b¡ hj£ kpW$-rkÑ¡f ky^u DÐ`pv$_ `lp¢Ãey„.

_hp lfua_u ndsp r`R>pZu g¡`V$p¡`_p rb°qV$i bÅfdp„ dp_cey¯ õ\p_ ^fphsu A¡X$çk V¡$¼_p¡gp¡ÆA¡ õ`^p®_p bv$g¡ klL$pf_u Ap¡af L$fu. s¡_u ifsp¡ Nm¡ _ Esfsp„ lufÆA¡ A¡ Ap¡af _L$pfu L$pY$u, `Z A¡X$çk_p cpNuv$pf r_N¡g hyëa lufÆ_u ifs¡ s¡_u L„$`_udp„ kpd¡g \C Nep. Ap b¡ dlÒhpL$p„nu S>Z¡ kp\¡ dmu A¡kuApB_¡ dpÓ Qpf hj®dp„ rb°V$__u V$p¡Q_u g¡`V$p¡` L„$`_u b_phu v$u^u.

1998dp„ lufÆA¡ A¡kuApB(B[ÞX$ep)_u õ\p`_p L$fu. dy„bC_¡ hXy„$ d\L$ b_phu L$pdNufu iê$ L$fu. V|„$L$ kdedp„ g¡`V$p¡` dpL£V$_p¡ v$k V$L$p rlõkp¡ A„L¡$ L$fu gu^p¡ R>¡.

lh¡ Ap L$ÃR>u rbg N¡V¹$k NyS>fpsdp„ g¡`V$p¡`_p DÐ`pv$_ dpV¡$_u c|rdL$p s¥epf L$fu füp¡ R>¡. s¡Z¡ AÞe DÐ`pv$L$p¡ kp\¡ âpBkhp¡f iê$ L$ey¯ R>¡. L$p¡ç`¡L$, A¡kf, T¡r_\ A_¡ L$p¡ç`¡L$ Apdp®X$p kpd¡ A¡\u h^y ndsp_p„ dp¡X¡$g Ap¡R>u qL„$ds¡ A¡ Ap¡af L$fu füp¡ R>¡.

lufÆ L$l¡ R>¡,""qL„$dsdp„ OV$pX$p¡ Ahíe L$fuA¡ R>uA¡,`Z NyZhÑpdp„ L$p¡C bp„^R>p¡X$ _l].'' cpfsdp„ ApS>¡ ÓuÆ guqX„$$N b°pÞX$ A¡kuApC âõ\pr`s \C Q|L$u R>¡ A¡hy„ bÅfr_óZpsp¡ L$b|g¡ R>¡. s¡dZ¡ sdpd b°pÞX$_u _p¡V$byL$ dpV¡$ dy„bCdp„ krh®k k¡ÞV$f `Z iê$ L$ey¯ R>¡.

qfqX$a.L$p¡d. kp\¡_u hpsQusdp„ lufÆA¡ Myëgp qv$g¡ hpsp¡ L$fu. rb°qV$i i÷ L„$`_uAp¡_u L$pdNufu_u V¡$[¼_L$g hpsp¡ _ L$f¡ A¡ kdÆ iL$pe s¡d R>¡. `p¡sp_p„ Ap op_ A_¡ A_ych_p¡ D`ep¡N cpfs kfL$pf L$fhp BÃR>¡ sp¡ A¡ k¡hp Ap`hp s¥epf R>¡. cpfs_u k„fnZìehõ\p_¡ h^y ^pfv$pf b_phhp sÐ`fspe v$pMhu. Qpguk hj®_u he¡ g¡`V$p¡`_p rhðdp„ V$p¡Q_y„ õ\p_ d¡mh_pf Ap L$ÃR>u rbg N¡V¹$k lh¡ dpv$f¡ hs_ L$ÃR> dpV¡$ kde apmhhp `Z rhQpfu füp¡ R>¡.

skhufp¡ :
(1) lufÆ `V¡$g : L$ÃR>u rbg N¡V¹$k
(2) A¡kuApBdp„ g¡`V$p¡`_u QL$pkZu

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?