ATfb¥Å_, S>çdy-L$píduf A_¡ kyv$p_ S>¡hp rhõspfp¡_u kdõep kp\¡ k„L$mpe¡gp dÞk|f BÅT `p¡sp_¡ rhQpfL$ NZph¡ R>¡. Apd sp¡ s¡ Þey¼guAf qarTrkõV$ R>¡ A_¡ lph®X®$dp„ cÎep R>¡. AÐepf¡ BÞh¡õV$d¡ÞV$ A¡S>Þku Qgph¡ R>¡ A_¡ eyfp¡` s\p dÝe A_¡ v|$f `|h®_p v¡$ip¡dp„ s¡d_y„ L$pdL$pS> a¡gpe¡gy„ R>¡.

BÅT¡ `pqL$õsp__u rhv¡$i _urs dpV¡$ L$pd L$e¯y R>¡ A¡V$g¡ s¡d_¡ L$pídufdp„ hpV$pOpV$p¡dp„ dÝeõ\u L$fhp_y„ L$l¡hpey„ lsy„. s¡Ap¡ cpfs kfL$pf_¡ kdÅhu i¼ep R>¡ L¡$ L$píduf_u fpS>L$ue D`fp„s DØpdhpv$u _¡spNufu kp\¡ hpsQus L$fhu S>ê$fu R>¡. qfqX$a.L$p¡d_p fpdp_„v$p k¡_Nyàsp kp\¡_u s¡d_u Ap rhi¡j dygpL$psdp„ s¡dZ¡ L$üy„ L¡$ L$pídufdp„ AÐepf¡ A¡hu [õ\rs R>¡ L¡$ L$p„ sp¡ ip„rs õ\p`u iL$pe A\hp s¡ `qf[õ\rs h^pf¡ hZk¡.

sd¡ `p¡sp_¡ L$C fus¡ Ap¡mMphip¡?
lz„ A¡L$p„sdp„ flu_¡ rhQpf_pfp¡ dpZk Ry>„ S>¡ rhïhdp„ ¼ep„e `Z rhrnàs gp¡L$p¡_¡ dv$v$ L$fhp s¥epf \C Åe R>¡. sdpfp hpQL$p¡_¡ A¡ ÅZhpdp„ fk li¡ L¡$ lz„ L$pídufdp„ iy„ L$fu füp¡ R>¡. `Z lz„ sp¡ dpÓ bÞ_¡ `n_p ipZp dpZkp¡_¡ fpS>L$ue A_¡ gíL$fu bpbsp¡_¡ bpSy>A¡ fpMu_¡ A¡L$buÅ kp\¡ hpsQus L$fhp â¡fu füp¡ R>¡. d_¡ sp¡ sd¡ A¡L$ k„v¡$ihplL$ L$b|sf NZphu iL$p¡ S>¡ bÞ_¡ `np¡_p bpS> S>¡hp gp¡L$p¡_¡ `Z hpV$pOpV$p¡ dpV$¡ s¥epf L$fu_¡ L$pedu ip„rs dpV¡$ âepk L$fu füp¡ R>¡.

sdpfp bpm`Z rhi¡ \p¡X$u hps L$lp¡... A_¡ sd¡ L¡$hu fus¡ qarTrkõV$dp„\u BÞh¡õV$d¡ÞV$ b¡ÞL$f bÞep A¡ `Z L$lp¡.
lz„ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ V¡$gplpku, ãgp¡qfX$pdp„ S>Þçep¡. lz„ hrS>®r_ep_p N°pduZ rhõspfdp„ M¡sfp¡ hÃQ¡ ER>ep£ Ry>„. s¡ hMs¡ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ hp„riL$ c¡v$cph A¡L$ kdõep lsu. d_¡ s¡_p¡ (Mfpb) A_ych \ep¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p L$pfZ¡ dpfp rhQpfp¡ AdyL$ qv$ipdp„ OX$pep R>¡. lz„ A¡hy„ dp_sp¡ \ep¡ L¡$ vy$r_epdp„ ¼ep„e `Z rhrnàs gp¡L$p¡ lp¡e Ðep„ sdpf¡ s¡d_¡ dv$v$ L$fhu S>¡\u s¡Ap¡ Ap¾$p¡ihpmp _ b_¡. d¢ v$rnZ kyv$p_dp„, ATfb¥Tp_dp„ dpfp Ap rkÙp„sp¡_¡ Adgdp„ d|¼ep R>¡ A_¡ lh¡ l„y A¡hp S> âepkp¡ L$pídufdp„ L$fu füp¡ R>¡.

d¢ qaqTrkõV$ sfuL¡$ Aæepk L$ep£ R>¡ s¡_p L$pfZ¡ dpfpdp„ ìehlpfy hpõsqhL$sp `pdhp_u kdS> `Z rhL$ku R>¡. A¡dApBV$udp„ A¡[ÞS>r_eqf„N_y„ cZsp¡ lsp¡ Ðepf¡ b°¡B__p dp¡X¡$tgN_p¡ S>¡ Aæepk L$ep£ R>¡ s¡_p¡ d¢ dpfp BÞh¡õV$d¡ÞV$_p rbT_¡kdp„ `Z D`ep¡N L$ep£ R>¡. 1990dp„ d¢ dpfu `p¡sp_u BÞh¡õV$d¡ÞV$ ad® s¡_p Ap^pf `f S> Qpgy L$fu R>¡.

`pqL$õsp_dp„ fpS>L$ue A_¡ ìe|lpÐdL$ _urs kp\¡ sd¡ ¼epf\u k„`L®$dp„ Apìep?
1993dp„ d¢ fpS>L$ue fus¡ kq¾$e \hp_y„ iê$ L$e¯y Ðepf¡ `pqL$õsp__p„ hX$p„ â^p_ b¡_Tuf cyË$p¡ [¼gÞV$_ hluhV$u s„Ó kp\¡ k„b„^p¡ dS>b|s L$fhp âepkp¡ L$fu füp lsp. iê$Apsdp„ Ad¡ b^p S> `pqL$õsp_u Ad¡qfL$_ gp¡L$p¡ cyË$p¡_¡ dv$v$ L$fhp s¥epf lsp. `pqL$õsp_ kpd¡_p ârsb„^p¡ v|$f \pe s¡ dpV¡$ `Z Ad¡ s¡d_¡ dv$v$ L$fhp âepk L$fsp lsp.

s¡ hMs¡ A¡L$ kpfu sL$ lsu L¡$ `pqL$õsp_dp„ `Z `qfhs®_ Aph¡ A_¡ Ad¡qfL$p kp\¡ k„b„^p¡ NpY$ b_¡. `f„sy \p¡X$p hMsdp„ S> `pqL$õsp_u Ad¡qfL$_p¡_u A¡L$spdp„ c„N `X$ép¡. L¡$V$gpL$_p rlX$_ A¡S>ÞX$p lsp A_¡ BNp¡ lsp. Ap cpNgp_p¡ apev$p¡ b¡_Tuf_p hp¡tiÁV$_ Mps¡_p gp¡L$p¡ `p¡sp_p fpS>L$ue A_¡ Apr\®L$ c°ô$pQpf Mpsf DW$phu füp lsp.

d_¡ ¿epg Apìep¡ L¡$ `pqL$õsp__p _¡spAp¡_¡ Nfub, vy$Mu gp¡L$p¡_¡ dv$v$ L$fhpdp„ L$p¡C fk _lp¡sp¡. lz„ 1995dp„ `pqL$õsp_ Nep¡ Ðepf¡ A¡ hps_p¡ h^y ¿epg Apìep¡ A_¡ Å¡ey„ L¡$ L$C fus¡ b¡_Tuf A_¡ s¡_p `uÌz$Ap¡ `pqL$õsp__p Nfub gp¡L$p¡_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fu füp R>¡. s¡ gp¡L$p¡A¡ V¡$rgap¡_ s„Ó rhL$kphhp dpV¡$ ApBA¡dA¡a_u gp¡_p¡ gu^u A_¡ `R>u s¡_¡ lX$` L$fu Nep.

s¡ `R>u d¢ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ b¡_Tuf kfL$pf_p c°ô$pQpf rhi¡ gMhp_y„ iê$ L$fu v$u^y„. Ad_¡ Apip lsu L¡$ s¡d_p c°ô$pQpf Myëgp `X$u S>hp\u s¡Ap¡ `p¡sp_u L$pd L$fhp_u Y$b bv$gi¡. d¢ hp¡g õV²$uV$ S>_®gdp„ b¡_Tuf_p c°ô$pQpf rhi¡ î¡Zu gMhp_u iê$Aps L$fu s¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ S> s¡d_u kÑp_p A„s_p„ buS> fp¡`pep„ lsp„.

L$píduf_p dpdgpdp„ sd¡ L¡$hu fus¡ k„L$mpep?
L$pídufdp„ d_¡ `l¡g¡\u S> fk lsp¡. `Z lz„ s¡dp„ ku^p¡ fk _lp¡sp¡ g¡sp¡, L¡$d L¡$ lz„ `pqL$õsp__u fpS>L$ue _ursr_dp®Z_u S>¡ sfpl lsu s¡ bv$ghpdp„ ìeõs lsp¡. buSy>„, L$píduf A¡hp¡ k¡[ÞkqV$h dyØp¡ lsp¡ L¡$ kyv$p_ L¡$ ATfb¥Å_dp„ d¢ S>¡ fus¡ spqL®$L$ ArcNd A`_pìep¡ lsp¡ s¡ Al] L$pd gpN¡ s¡d _lp¡sp¡. Å¡L¡$ ìehlpfy`Ï„ L$p¡C `Z k¡[ÞkqV$h k„Oj®dp„ `Z dlÒh_u c|rdL$p cS>hu iL¡$ R>¡.

L¡$hu fus¡?
qX$àgp¡dkudp„ kpdp `n_¡ A`¡np _ lp¡e s¡hy„ sd¡ L$fp¡ sp¡ s¡ blz AkfL$pfL$ kprbs \pe R>¡ s¡ `l¡gp¡ rkÙp„s R>¡. Å¡ A¡hy„ \C iL¡$ sp¡ A¡L$ Ap^pf b_¡ R>¡. lz„ cpfs kfL$pf_¡ d_phu i¼ep¡ lsp¡ L¡$ L$píduf_u fpS>L$ue s¡d S> DN°hpv$u bÞ_¡ _¡spNufu kp\¡ hpV$pOpV$p¡ L$fhp_p apev$p R>¡ A_¡ s¡ rh_p R|>V$L$p¡ S> _\u.

cpfs kfL$pf¡ `Z d_¡ A¡L$ âpdprZL$ dÝeõ\u sfuL¡$ Å¡ep¡ L¡$ S>¡ `pqL$õsp__p gíL$fu ipkL$p¡_¡ ep¡Áe ârskpv$ Ap`hp A_¡ Aphu hpV$pOpV$p¡dp„ kpd¡g \hp dpV¡$_y„ hpsphfZ Ecy„ L$fhp kdÅhu iL¡$. `pqL$õsp__u cpNuv$pfu rh_p Ap kdõep_p¡ L$p¡C L$pedu DL¡$g Aphhp_u Apip _\u. `pqL$õsp_¡ L$píduf `f A¡V$gy„ gp¡lu hlpìey„ R>¡ L¡$ s¡ Q|`Qp` s¡dp„\u _uL$mu Åe _l]. A¡L$ hpf ip„rs õ\`pe sp¡ Apr\®L$ bpbsp¡ h^y dlÒh_u b_¡ A_¡ gp¡L$p¡_p Æh__¡ h^y kpfp b_phhp_u hps_y„ dlÒh õhuL$pfpe.

sd¡ sdpfu Ås¡ L$pídufdp„ fk g¡sp \ep lsp L¡$ sd_¡ L$l¡hpdp„ Apìey„ lsy„?
d_¡ L$l¡hpdp„ Apìey„ lsy„. S>¡dp„ S>i _\u dmhp_p¡ A¡hp Ap L$pddp„ Ås¡ sp¡ lz„ fk _ gJ. `Z A¡L$ hpf lz„ dv$v$ L$fhp s¥epf \C Nep¡ s¡ `R>u d¢ A¡ bpbs_u L$pmÆ fpMu lsu L¡$ lz„ L$pídufdp„ Ad¡qfL$_ kfL$pf dpV¡$ L$p¡C c|rdL$p cS>hsp¡ lp¡J A¡hy„ gpN¡ _l]. R>¡ëgp A¡L$ hj®\u lz„ âepkp¡ L$fu füp¡ Ry>„ s¡ v$frdep_ A¡L$`Z hpf Ad¡qfL$_ kfL$pf¡ L$píduf_u bpbsdp„ d_¡ L$iy„ L$üy„ _\u.

Ad¡qfL$_ _pNqfL$ sfuL¡$ A_¡ âdyM s\p s¡d_p fpô²$ue kgpdsu Ar^L$pfuAp¡ kp\¡_p dpfp q_L$V$_p k„b„^p¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ d_¡ s¡d_y„ kd\®_ dþey„ R>¡. A_¡ d¢ dpfu S>hpbv$pfu kdÆ_¡ s¡d_¡ dpfu âh©rÑAp¡ rhi¡ ÅZ `Z L$fu R>¡ S>¡\u rlsp¡_p¡ V$L$fph \pe _l]. `Z s¡ rkhpe hp¢riÁV$_dp„\u L$p¡C d_¡ â¡f_pf _\u. d_¡ ip„rs dpV¡$_u ä¡dhL®$ s¥epf L$fhp L$p¡C â¡fsy„ lp¡e sp¡ s¡ qv$ëlu lsy„.

dpfu c|rdL$p A¡ lsu L¡$ lz„ hX$p â^p_ hpS>`¡eu A_¡ s¡Ap¡ S>¡_¡ L$pfqNg dpV¡$ S>hpbv$pf dp_¡ R>¡ s¡ S>_fg dyif®a hÃQ¡ hpsQus \pe A_¡ b„_¡ `np¡ S>¡ A„rsdhpv$u hgZ Ap bpbs¡ g¡ R>¡ s¡ Al] N¡flpS>f lp¡e s¡ Å¡hp_y„ L$pd dpfy„ lsy„.

sp¡ lh¡ hpõsrhL$ [õ\rs iy„ R>¡?
Ap`Z¡ AÐepf¡ lh¡ A¡hu [õ\rsdp„ R>uA¡ Äep„\u dlÒh_p A_¡ ep¡Áe dpN£ ApNm h^u iL$uA¡ A\hp sp¡ [õ\rs A¡hu qv$ipdp„ a„V$pC Åe L¡$ Äep„ h^y AfpS>L$sp li¡ A_¡ L$píduf MuZdp„ ApS> ky^udp„ ¼epf¡e _ Å¡C lp¡e s¡hu tlkL$ [õ\rs li¡.

Ap k„Oj®dp„ Qpf `np¡ R>¡ : `pqL$õsp_uAp¡, L$píduf_p DN°$hpv$uAp¡, L$píduf_p fpS>L$pfZuAp¡ A_¡ cpfsuep¡. `¥kp gC_¡ gX$_pfp DN°$hpv$uAp¡ `Z R>¡, `Z dpfu ×rô$A¡ s¡d_y„ õ\p_ lh¡ Np¥Z b_hp_u qvipdp„ R>¡. L¡$d L¡$ õ\pr_L$ L$pídufu DN°$hpv$uAp¡ Ap rhv¡$iu DN°hpv$uAp¡_u ApX¡$^X$ A_¡ tlkL$ fuscps\u s„N Aphu Nep R>¡. Ap gp¡L$p¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ õ\pr_L$ gp¡L$p¡dp„ õhs„Ósp Qmhm_y„ _pd Mfpb \ey„ R>¡.

DØpdhpv$uAp¡ Üpfp i÷rhfpd_p¡ âep¡N Ap`Z¡ L$fu Q|¼ep R>uA¡, `Z s¡ kam \ep¡ _l]. L¡$d L¡$ DØpdhpv$uAp¡_¡ A¡d lsy„ L¡$ `pqL$õsp_u k¡_p A_¡ NyàsQf s„Ó s¡d_u kp\¡ R>¡. `pR>m\u Mbf `X$u L¡$ s¡Ap¡ kp\¡ _lp¡sp. dyif®a ^d®T_|_uAp¡ kpd¡ gpQpf lsp A_¡ s¡Ap¡ Ål¡fdp„ `p¡s¡ S>¡_p dpV¡$ â¡fZp Ap`u lsu s¡ i÷rhfpd_u sfa¡Z L$fu i¼ep _l]. cpfsdp„ `Z T_|_u sÒhp¡_y„ h^y E`Äey„ A_¡ s¡ gp¡L$p¡A¡ `Z hpS>`¡eu Üpfp i÷rhfpd õhuL$pfpep¡ s¡_u b„^pfZ_u fus¡ ep¡Áesp rhi¡ khpg DW$pìep¡.

dÝe Ap¡NõV$dp„ buÅ¡ âepk L$fpep¡ Ðepf¡ i÷rhfpd_¡ h^y ìep`L$ b_phhp_p¡ âepk L$fpep¡ lsp¡. `Z s¡dp„ dyíL¡$gu A¡ lsu L¡$ `pqL$õsp__u Åk|ku k„õ\p BÞV$f õV¡$V$ BÞV¡$rgS>Þk_¡ L$píduf MuZdp„ cp„Nap¡X$ L$fsu AV$L$phu_¡ kp\¡ g¡hp_u lsu. d_¡ lh¡ Mpsfu \C NC R>¡ L¡$ ApBA¡kApB_¡ L$pídufdp„ Aps„L$hpv$ Msd \pe s¡dp„ fk _\u. ApBA¡kApB A_¡ s¡_p dmqsepAp¡ dpV¡$ eyÙ A¡L$ blz dp¡V$p¡ rbT_¡k R>¡.

ApS>¡ Ad¡ ìe|l bv$gu_¡ cpfs Üpfp A¡L$`nu fus¡ Ap kdõep_p¡ DL¡$g gphhp_u ndsp `f Ýep_ L¡$[ÞÖs L$fu füp R>uA¡. hpV$pOpV$p¡ dpV¡$ `p¡s¡ âpdprZL$ R>¡ A¡hy„ _hu qv$ëlu L$pídufu DN°$hpv$uAp¡_¡ kdÅhu iL¡$ sp¡ L$pídufuAp¡ S> `pqL$õsp__¡ afS> `pX$u iL$i¡.

L$pídufdp„ Aps„L$hpv$_p¡ A„s _ Aph¡ s¡hy„ `pqL$õsp_ ip dpV¡$ BÃR>¡ R>¡?
Å¡ sd¡ ^prd®L$ ìe[¼s _l] lp¡ sp¡ Ap hps _l] kdÆ iL$p¡. `p¡sp_u A`pf k„`rÑ_p Å¡f `f L$pídufdp„ S>¡lpv$_¡ Qgphhpdp„ dv$v$ L$fu fl¡gp DØpdhpv$u i¡M gp¡L$p¡ A¡d kdS>¡ R>¡ L¡$ s¡ gp¡L$p¡ Aëgp_p Mfp b„v$p R>¡. Ap gp¡L$p¡ dÝeeyNu A„^L$pfde BõgprdL$ kpd°pÄe_y„ õhà_ Sy>A¡ R>¡. Ap `¥kpv$pf i¡Mp¡ L$píduf, BõV$ qsdp¡f, bp¡[õ_ep, dÝe `|h® A_¡ AaOpr_õsp_dp„ `Z âp¡¼ku eyÙ Qgphu füp R>¡.

Ap gp¡L$p¡ kpQp dy[õgdp¡ _\u. s¡ gp¡L$p¡ sp¡ d_yóep¡ `Z _\u. vy$r_ep_p gp¡L$p¡A¡ s¡d_p„ Aphp„ N„v$p„ eyÙp¡ Qgphu g¡hp„ Å¡CA¡ _l]. A¡V$gp dpV¡$ S> cpfs dpV¡$ L$pídufdp„ ip„rs_p âepkp¡ L$fsp„ fl¡hp S>ê$fu R>¡. Å¡ A¡d _l] L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡ vy$r_epcfdp„ a¡gpC S>hp dpNsp DØpdhpv$uAp¡_¡ Å¡f dmi¡.

iy„ s¡ dpV¡$_y„ â\d L$v$d A¡ li¡ L¡$ cpfs L$píduf_¡ rhhpvpõ`v$ rhõspf sfuL¡$ õhuL$pf¡? `pqL$õsp_ s¡ dpV¡$ S> d\u füy„ R>¡...
h¡g, b^p_¡ õhuL$pe® b_¡ A¡ lv¡$ A_¡ A¡ âL$pf¡ s¡_p¡ õhuL$pf \C füp¡ R>¡. "rhhpv$põ`v$ rhõspf' A_¡ "L$p¡C rhhpv$ S> _\u' A¡ bÞ_¡ hÃQ¡_u [õ\rs R>¡. Ap A¡L$ î¡›$ qX$àgp¡dku R>¡. sd¡ \p¡Xy„$L$ Ap`p¡, rhfp¡^u \p¡Xy„$ S>sy„ L$f¡ A_¡ Å¡sÅ¡sp„dp„ sp¡ bÞ_¡ `np¡ hpV$pOpV$p¡_p V¡$bg `f Aphu Åe R>¡.

A¡L$ ApX$ âï_ `|R>u gJ. sd_¡ L$l¡hpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡ Qu_ A_¡ cpfs hÃQ¡_p rhhpv$dp„ `Z sd¡ dÝeõ\u L$fip¡?
lp, Å¡ L$l¡hpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡ dpfp\u \pe s¡ dv$v$ L$fhp lz„ s¥epf Ry>„. lz„ Qu_u _¡spNufu_¡ ÅÏ„ Ry>„ A_¡ s¡ gp¡L$p¡ `Z d_¡ Ap¡mM¡ R>¡. dpfp¡ ìehlpfy sL$hpv$ Å¡ D`ep¡Nu lp¡e sp¡ lz„ dv$v$ dpV¡$ s¥epf S> Ry>„. buSy>„, lz„ `pqL$õsp_u Ry>„ s¡ hps_p¡ `Z apev$p¡ \i¡, L¡$d L¡$ Qu_dp„ `pqL$õsp_uAp¡ dpV¡$ kpfu gpNZu R>¡.

Ap g¡M Ap`_¡ L¡$hp¡ gpÁep¡?