A¡_pX®$ apDÞX¡$i_ NyS>fpsdp„ b¡ lÅf smphp¡ KX$p„ L$fphi¡

NyS>fpscfdp„ vy$L$pm_u `qf[õ\rs R>¡ Ðepf¡ kfL$pf_¡ A_¡ âÅ_¡ lh¡ hfkpv$_p `pZu_p¡ k„N°l L$fhp dpV¡$_u _p_u ep¡S>_pAp¡_y„ dlÒh kdÅey„ R>¡. A¡_pX®$ apDÞX¡$i_ _pd_u õh¥[ÃR>L$ k„õ\pA¡ NyS>fps A_¡ kp¥fpô²$dp„ Apif¡ 2,000 smphp¡ KX$p„ L$fhp_u ep¡S>_pAp¡ lp\ ^fu R>¡ A_¡ Ap hj®_p A„s ky^udp„ s¡Ap¡ Ly$g 20 L$fp¡X$ ê$r`ep_p MQ£ b¡ lÅf smphp¡ KX$p„ L$fhp_u ^pfZp fpM¡ R>¡.

NyS>fpsdp„ L$p¡C `Z õh¥[ÃR>L$ k„õ\p A\hp âÅS>_p¡ dmu_¡ Å¡ S>mk„N°l_u _p_u ep¡S>_p b_ph¡ sp¡ kfL$pf sfa\u 60 V$L$p dv$v$ dm¡ R>¡. Ap fus¡ L$p¡C Npd_y„ smph KXy„$ L$fphhp_p¡ MQ® Å¡ A¡L$ gpM ê$r`ep lp¡e sp¡ s¡dp„ 60,000 kfL$pf sfa\u dm¡ R>¡.

A¡_pX®$ apDÞX¡$i_¡ A`ug blpf `pX$u R>¡ L¡$ Å¡ L$p¡C v$psp 20 lÅf ê$r`ep_y„ v$p_ Ap`i¡ sp¡ Ad¡ 20 lÅf âÅS>_p¡ `pk¡\u A¡L$W$p L$fuiy„. A_¡ kfL$pf_p 60 lÅf d¡mhu_¡ A¡L$ gpM ê$r`ep_y„ L$pd L$fuiy„. NyS>fps kfL$pf¡ âp¡S>¡¼V$ B[çàgd¡[ÞV„$N A¡S>Þku sfuL¡$ A¡_pX®$ apDÞX¡$i__¡ dpÞesp Ap`u R>¡. AÐepf¡ Åd_Nf, Adf¡gu, kyf¡ÞÖ_Nf, cph_Nf, b_pkL$p„W$p, kpbfL$p„W$p, dl¡kpZp rS>ëgpAp¡dp„ Apif¡ 200 smphp¡_y„ s¡d S> Q¡L$X¡$dp¡_y„ kdpfL$pd A¡_pX®$ apDÞX¡$i_ lõsL$ Qpgu füy„ R>¡. Nep„ ÓZ hj®dp„ s¡dZ¡ 18.20 L$fp¡X$ ê$r`ep_p MQ£ 54,000 l¡¼V$f S>du_dp„ Ap fus¡ tkQpC_u kNhX$ Ecu L$fu lsu. Nep hj£ s¡dZ¡ 175 smphp¡ KX$p„ L$ep¯ lsp„, `Z Ap hj£ vy$L$pm_u `qf[õ\rs lp¡hp\u b¡ lÅf _p_u ep¡S>_pAp¡_p¡ gÿep„L$ R>¡.

A¡_pX®$ apDÞX¡$i__u õ\p`_p C.k. 1979dp„ Åd_Nf Mps¡ L$`|fQ„v$ Q„v¡$qfep A_¡ s¡d_p cpC v¡$hQ„v$ Q„v¡$qfepA¡ L$fu lsu. rb°V$_ A_¡ ApqäL$pdp„ rhipm Ap¥Ûp¡rNL$ kpd°pÄe ^fphsp Q„v¡$qfep S|>\_u dy¿e kMphsp¡ D`f Ap k„õ\p Qpgu flu R>¡. âh©rÑ_u iê$Aps s¡dZ¡ hp`u_u ApSy>bpSy> Aph¡gp„ 22 NpdX$p„Ap¡dp„ M¡X|$sp¡_¡ gp¡_ A`phu_¡ L$fu lsu. b¡ÞL$ Ap¡a bfp¡X$p_p klep¡Ndp„ Qpgsp Ap L$pe®¾$d_p¡ ApS> ky^u gpMp¡ M¡X|$sp¡A¡ gpc gu^p¡ R>¡. õh¥[ÃR>L$ k„õ\p_u kpd¡gNufu_¡ L$pfZ¡ gp¡__p¡ qfL$hfu f¡V$ `Z 100 V$L$p S>¡V$gp¡ füp¡ lsp¡. M¡X|$sp¡_¡ Apr\®L$ dv$v$ L$fhp D`fp„s A¡_pX®$ apDÞX¡$i_ sfa\u rinZ, Apfp¡Áe, `ep®hfZ A_¡ k„õL©$rs_p„ n¡Óp¡dp„ `Z rhrh^ âh©rÑAp¡ Qgphhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

tkQpC_u _p_u ep¡S>_pAp¡ dpV¡$ A¡_pX®$ apDÞX¡$i_¡ hp`u, tlds_Nf A_¡ Åd_Nfdp„ ÓZ Tp¡_g Ap¡qakp¡ Mp¡gu R>¡. Ap Ap¡qakp¡ sfa\u Apif¡ b¡ lÅf ep¡S>_pAp¡ s¥epf L$fu_¡ kfL$pf_u d„S|>fu dpV¡$ fS|> L$fhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. Åd_Nf rS>ëgpdp„ Aph¡gp„ cphMp¡Mfu, a_uap¡V®$, kyÅfu, _pNp¡_p hN¡f¡ Npdp¡_¡ sp¡ Nep hj£ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡gu tkQpC_u ep¡S>_pAp¡_p gpcp¡ `Z dmsp \C Nep R>¡. A¡_pX®$ apDÞX¡$i__u ep¡S>_pdp„ fp¡L$X$ apmp¡ Ap`hp_¡ bv$g¡ õ\pr_L$ M¡X|$sp¡ `p¡sp_p„ L$p¡v$pmu`phX$p L¡$ V²¡$¼V$f gC îdv$p_ L$fhp Aphu Åe R>¡. smphp¡ KX$p„ L$fphhp dpV¡$_u ep¡S>_p dpV¡$ v$p__u A`ug hp„Qu dy„bC_p A¡L$ îud„s¡ A¡_pX®$ apDÞX¡$i__u Ap¡qakdp„ A¡L$ gpM ê$r`ep_p¡ Q¡L$ dp¡L$gu Apàep¡ lsp¡, `Z `p¡sp_y„ _pd ¼ep„e _ Aph¡ s¡_u spL$uv$ L$fu lsu. v$p__p¡ Ap âhpl lÆ Qpgy S> R>¡ A¡ kpfu hps R>¡.

L$ÃR>u rhkp Ap¡khpm oprs_p¡ cìe õhe„hf

dy„bCdp„ hkrs L$ÃR>u rhkp Ap¡khpm oprsdp„ kN`Z_u kdõep hX$ugp¡ dpV¡$ dp\p_p vy$Mphp S>¡hu b_u NC R>¡. Ap oprsdp„ L$Þep A_¡ dyfrsep hÃQ¡ d¡m b¡kpX$hp¡ M|b dyíL¡$g b_u füp¡ R>¡. s¡_y„ L$pfZ A¡ R>¡ L¡$ dp¡V$p cpN_u L$ÞepAp¡ `p¡sp_p S>dp_p L$fsp„ M|b S> ApNm _uL$mu NC R>¡, Äepf¡ dyfrsepAp¡ `R>ps S> füp R>¡. L$ÃR>u rhkp Ap¡khpm oprs_p eyhL$p¡ d¡qV²$L$ `pk \C_¡ vy$L$p_ D`f L¡$ a¡¼V$fuA¡ b¡ku Åe R>¡, Äepf¡ eyhsuAp¡ N°¡ÄeyA¡V$ L¡$ `p¡õV$ N°¡ÄeyA¡V$ ky^u Aæepk L$f¡ R>¡. `yfyjp¡ ApMp¡ qv$hk vy$L$p__p L$pddp„\u KQp _\u Aphsp, Äepf¡ L$ÞepAp¡ k„Nus, cfs_pV$éd, a¡i_ qX$TpBt_N hN¡f¡_p hNp£ cfu Ap^yr_L$ A_¡ õdpV®$ b_su Åe R>¡.

L$ÃR>u kdpS>dp„ L$Þep A_¡ dyfrsep_p bp¥rÙL$ õsf hÃQ¡ h^u fl¡gp A„sf_¡ L$pfZ¡ `l¡gp„ sp¡ kN`Z L$fhp„ S> AOfp„ b_u füp„ R>¡ A_¡ gÁ_ `R>u R|>V$pR>¡X$p_p qL$õkpAp¡ h^u füp R>¡. L$ÞepAp¡_¡ `p¡sp_u `k„v$Nu_p dyfrsepAp¡ dmu fl¡ s¡ dpV¡$ L$ÃR>u ApN¡hp_p¡A¡ Nep frhhpf¡ tQQ`p¡L$gu (dy„bC) Mps¡ Aph¡gu dlpS>_ hpX$udp„ A¡L$ cìe õhe„hf_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$ey¯ lsy„. Ap kN`ZrhjeL$ `qfQe kdpf„cdp„ Apif¡ 600 L$ÃR>u L$ÞepAp¡ A_¡ dyfrsepAp¡A¡ cpN gu^p¡ lsp¡.

frhhpf¡ ep¡Åe¡gp õhe„hfdp„ õ\p_L$hpku dlpS>__p âdyM v$pdÆcpC A¢L$fhpgp dy¿e Arsr\ lsp. s¡ rkhpe A_¡L$ L$ÃR>u DÛp¡N`rsAp¡ A_¡ kdpS>_p _¡spAp¡ gÁ_p¡ÐkyL$ eyhL$-eyhsuAp¡_¡ dpN®v$i®_ Ap`hp lpS>f füp lsp.

A¡L$kfMy„ bp¥rÙL$ s¡d S> i¥nrZL$ õsf ^fphsp„ eyhL$-eyhsuAp¡ S> A¡L$buÅ_p k„`L®$dp„ Aph¡ s¡hu L$p¡rii L$fhpdp„ Aphu lsu. A¡L$ AgN S|>\dp„ rh^hp, X$pBhp¡k}, rhL$gp„N hN¡f¡ L$ÞepdyfrsepAp¡_p¡ kdph¡i L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡.

L$ÃR>u eyhL$-eyhsuAp¡_p Ap õhe„hf dpV¡$ R>¡ëgp Apif¡ ÓZ drl_p\u s¥epfu Qpgu flu lsu. s¡dp„ lpS>f fl¡gp 600 kæep¡_u rhNsp¡ ANpD\u s¥epf L$fu b^p_¡ dp¡L$gu v¡$hpdp„ Aphu lsu, S>¡\u õhe„hf_p kde¡ b^p âp\rdL$ s¥epfu kp\¡ S> Apìep lsp. Ap kN`ZrhjeL$ d¡mphX$pdp„ dy„bC D`fp„s blpfNpd_p„ eyhL$-eyhsuAp¡ `Z dp¡V$u k„¿epdp„ Apìep„ lsp„. A¡L$kp\¡ 600 gÁ_p¡ÐkyL$_¡ A¡L$ d„Q D`f c¡Np L$fhp_p¡ L$ÃR>u kdpS> dpV¡$ Ap `l¡gp¡ S> âk„N lsp¡. Ap 600 `¥L$u Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>p„ 300 L$ÞepdyfrsepAp¡A¡ `p¡sp_p¡ Æh_kp\u â\d fpDÞX$dp„ `kpf L$fu gu^p¡ R>¡ A_¡ s¡Ap¡ buÅ fpDÞX$dp„ âh¡i L$fi¡ s¡ _½$u R>¡.

Anf^pddp„ îu õhprd_pfpeZ_p„ Ap¡qfrS>_g h÷p¡ Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡

200 hj® ANpD NyS>fpsdp„ L¡$hp„ h÷p¡ `l¡fhpdp„ Aphsp„ A_¡ hpl_ìehlpf dpV¡$ L¡$hp„ kp^_p¡_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhpdp„ Aphsp¡ s¡_p¡ ¿epg Np„^u_Nfdp„ Aph¡gp Anf^pd_p cp¢esrme¡ Aph¡gp îu õhprd_pfpeZ õdpfL$_¡ Å¡ep `R>u Aph¡ R>¡. 200 hj® ANpD NyS>fpsdp„ rhQfu Q|L¡$gp õhpduîu L¡$hp„ h÷p¡ `l¡fsp„, L¡$hp„ `NfMp„ hp`fsp„, s¡d_p Op¡X$p_¡ L¡$hu fus¡ iZNpfhpdp„ Aphsp¡ A_¡ s¡Ap¡ L¡$hp bmv$NpX$pdp„ b¡ksp s¡_p¡ ¿epg `Z Ap çeyrTed_¡ Å¡C_¡ Aph¡ R>¡. õhprd_pfpeZ¡ 800 hj® ANpD gM¡gp A¡L$ `Ó_u d|m _L$g `Z Ap õdpfL$dp„ kpQhu_¡ fpMhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

õhprd_pfpeZ kpdpÞe fus¡ ka¡v$ Ådp¡ A_¡ kyfhpg `l¡fsp, `Z sl¡hpfp¡dp„ c¼sp¡_y„ dp_ fpMhp dMdg_p Ådp A_¡ f¡id_u `pOX$u `l¡fsp. s¡Ap¡ S>¡ kyfhpg `l¡fsp s¡ Np¡v$qX$ep kyfhpg sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMpsu. Ådp D`f s¡Ap¡ v$p¡qfep_u M¡k `l¡fsp. A¡L$ Nfub c¼s¡ õhpduÆ_¡ ÅX$u Mpv$u_p¡ M¡k Apàep¡ lsp¡. s¡d_p rióep¡_p rhfp¡^ R>sp„ s¡Ap¡ OZp kde ky^u Ap M¡k `l¡fu_¡ afsp lsp. fpdp_„v$ õhpduA¡ Äepf¡ _ugL„$W$ (õhprd_pfpeZ)_u r_dZ|L$ `p¡sp_p DÑfpr^L$pfu sfuL¡$ L$fu Ðepf¡ S>¡ ipg Ap¡Y$pX$u s¡ `Z õdpfL$dp„ kpQhu_¡ fpMhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. õhpduÆ S>¡ ^p¡su A_¡ A„NfMy„ `l¡fsp„ s¡ ka¡v$ Mpv$u_p„ fl¡sp„. k„hs 1869_p vy$L$pm hMs¡ õhpduÆ L$ÃR>_u S>¡ V$p¡`u `l¡fsp s¡ L$gpÐdL$ V$p¡`u `Z Ap çeyrTeddp„ kpQhu_¡ fpMhpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

AY$pfdu kv$udp„ NyS>fps_p M¡X$p rS>ëgpdp„ dpap¡ _pd_y„ NpXy„$ h`fpsy„. bp¡QpkZ_u ApSy>bpSy>_p„ 35 Npdp¡dp„ õhprd_pfpeZ Ap NpX$pdp„ b¡ku âhpk L$fsp. bp¡QpkZ_p L$piuv$pk dp¡sp Ap NpXy„$ Qgphsp. s¡d_p h„ihpfkp¡A¡ Ap dpap¡ Anf^pd_¡ c¡V $Apàep¡ R>¡. õhprd_pfpeZ `N`pmp âhpk dpV¡$ S>¡ gpL$X$p_u QpMX$uAp¡ `l¡fsp s¡ `Z Al] Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. õhprd_pfpeZ_u dp_usu Op¡X$u dpZL$u lsu. s¡_u `uW$ D`f khpf \C s¡Ap¡ A_¡L$ âv¡$ip¡dp„ aep® R>¡. Ap Op¡X$u_u fpi A_¡ s¡_¡ iZNpfhp dpV¡$_p¡ lpfX$p¡ `Z çeyrTeddp„ fMpep„ R>¡. s¡Ap¡ S>¡ v$psZ_p¡ D`ep¡N v$p„s kpa L$fhp dpV¡$ L$fsp s¡ `Z Al] Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. kp¥fpô²$_p NY$X$pdp„ õhprd_pfpeZ S>¡ MpV$gp D`f b¡W$p lsp s¡_¡ `Z Anf^pddp„ âv$i®_ dpV¡$ fpMhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡.

200 hj® ANpD Ap`Z¡ Ðep„ X¡$[ÞV$õV$p¡ _lp¡sp Ðepf¡ v$p„s `pX$hp_y„ L$pd kp¡_uAp¡ L$fsp. õhprd_pfpeZ_¡ v$p„sdp„ vy$Mphp¡ E`X$ép¡ Ðepf¡ Mp_v¡$i_p ^p¢Xy$ _pd_p dfpW$u kp¡_uA¡ Qur`ep hX¡$ b¡ v$p„s `pX$u Apàep lsp. õhpduÆA¡ Myi \C s¡_¡ Qp„v$u_p¡ A¡L$ rk½$p¡ c¡V$ Apàep¡ lsp¡. Ap b„_¡ v$p„s Anf^pd_p çeyrTeddp„ Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. s¡hu S> fus¡ s¡d_p„ hpm, _M s¡d S> A[õ\ Al] v$i®_ dpV¡$ fpMhpdp„ Apìep„ R>¡. õhprd_pfpeZ S>¡ L$X$pCdp„ c¼sp¡ dpV¡$ fkp¡C L$fsp A_¡ S>¡ r`QL$pfu\u lp¡mu fdsp s¡ `Z Al] âv$i®_dp„ fpMhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. cNhp_ õhprd_pfpeZ¡ `p¡sp_p lõspnfdp„ gM¡gp¡ A¡L$ S> `Ó AÐepf¡ D`gå^ R>¡. Ap `Ó C.k. 1800_u 15 dpQ£ Nyfy fpdp_„v$ õhpdu_¡ gMhpdp„ Apìep¡ lsp¡. Ap `Ó `Z Anf^pd_y„ A¡L$ A_¡fy„ ApL$j®Z R>¡.

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